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having or consisting of a single cell

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/24 12:25:30」(JST)

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"Single-celled" redirects here. For prison cell assignment, see Single-celling.

Valonia ventricosa is among the largest unicellular species.

A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells. Historically the simple single celled organisms have sometimes been referred to as monads.^[1] The main groups of unicellular organisms are bacteria, archaea, protozoa, unicellular algae and unicellular fungi. Unicellular organisms fall into two general categories: prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms.Unicellular organisms are the oldest form of life and existed 3.8 billion years ago.^[2]

Prokaryotes, most protists, and some fungi are unicellular. Although some of these organisms live in colonies, they are still unicellular. These organisms live together, and each cell in the colony is the same. However, each cell must carry out all life processes in order for that cell to survive. In contrast, even the simplest multicellular organisms have cells that depend on each other in order to survive.

Some organisms are partially uni- and multicellular, like Dictyostelium discoideum. Other can be unicellular and multinucleate, like Myxogastria and Plasmodium.

‘Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis’, related to Deltaproteobacteria, is a multicellular prokaryote. It is neither unicellular, nor a colony.

Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic size and are thus classified as microorganisms. However, some unicellular protists and bacteria are macroscopic and visible to the naked eye.^[3] Examples include:

Xenophyophores, protozoans of the phylum Foraminifera, are the largest examples known, with Syringammina fragilissima achieving a diameter of up to 20 cm.^[4]
Nummulite, foraminiferans
Valonia ventricosa, an alga of the class Chlorophyceae, can reach a diameter of 1 to 4 cm.^[5]^[6]
Acetabularia, algae.
Caulerpa, algae^[7]
Gromia sphaerica, amoeba
Thiomargarita namibiensis is the largest bacterium, reaching a diameter of up to 0.75 mm.
Epulopiscium fishelsoni, a bacterium.

References[edit source | edit]

^ Monad, Biology online, retrieved 30-06-2011
^ An Introduction to Cells, ThinkQuest, retrieved 30-05-2013
^ Max Planck Society Research News Release Accessed 21 May 2009
^ Researchers Identify Mysterious Life Forms in the Extreme Deep Sea. Accessed 2011-10-24.
^ Bauer, Becky (October 2008). "Gazing Balls in the Sea". All at Sea. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
^ John Wesley Tunnell, Ernesto A. Chávez, Kim Withers (2007). Coral reefs of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Texas A&M University Press. p. 91. ISBN 1-58544-617-3.
^ http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-largest-biological-cell.htm

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