undercover

　

WordNet

1. an operation involving secret work within a community or institution

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 秘密の,秘密に行う(行われた)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/27 18:11:13」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

アンダーカバー（undercover、under cover）

• 警察の潜入捜査、おとり捜査の事。ギャングやマフィアに潜り込み、証拠の収集や組織の壊滅を側面から支援する。表向き、薬物を大口で扱う売人、組織に雇われる殺し屋などを装う。また、覆面パトカーの意味も。
• 不法無線局（Undercovered radio station）。UC局、アンカバー局とも。

音楽

• 『アンダーカヴァー』 - 1983年にリリースされたローリング・ストーンズのアルバム。
• 『アンダー・カヴァー』 - ジョー・リン・ターナーが1997年にリリースしたカバー・アルバム。
• 『UNDER:COVER』 - T.M.Revolutionのベストアルバム。
• 『アンダー・カヴァー』 - オジー・オズボーンが2005年にリリースしたカバー・アルバム。
• 『undercover』 - 水樹奈々のアルバム・『Silent Bible』に収録されている楽曲。
• 『undercover』 - ミニストリー (バンド)が2010年にリリースしたアルバム。

映画・テレビドラマ

• 『en:Undercover (1943 film)』 - 1943年のイギリス映画。
• 『アンダーカヴァー』 - 2007年のアメリカ映画の邦題。原題は、『en:We Own the Night』。
• 『en:Under Cover (TV series)』 - 1991年のアメリカのテレビドラマ（海外ドラマ）。1月に放送が開始され、視聴率も好調を保っていたが、2月23日に放送する予定だったエピソードがイラクのクウェートへの侵攻を扱う内容だったところ、偶然その日に現実の湾岸戦争の陸上戦が始まってしまったことから、放送が無期限に延期されたことで知られる。

その他

• チャーターアームズ・アンダーカバー - チャーターアームズ社がS&W M36をベースに製造したサタデーナイトスペシャルのリボルバー。
• スーパーマリオブラザーズのアンダーカバー - 通常で出現し得ないステージ。
• 高橋盾がディレクションし、パリ・コレクションでも活躍する日本のファッションブランド。
• 『ニード・フォー・スピード アンダーカバー』 - 2008年発売のエレクトロニック・アーツのレースゲーム作品。

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wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the investigatory practice. For other uses, see Undercover (disambiguation).

"Undercover agent" and "Plain clothes" redirect here. For the 1939 film, see Undercover Agent (film). For other uses, see Plain clothes (disambiguation).

Being undercover is disguising one's own identity or using an assumed identity for the purposes of gaining the trust of an individual or organization to learn secret information or to gain the trust of targeted individuals in order to gain information or evidence. Traditionally it is a technique employed by law enforcement agencies around the world and a person who works in such a role is commonly referred to as an undercover agent.

History

Undercover work has been used in a variety of ways throughout the course of history, but the first organized undercover program was first employed in France by Eugène François Vidocq in the early 19th century. The English set up the Special Irish Branch (later to be named just Special Branch) in 1883 and in the United States the ‘Italian’ Squad was set up in 1906 before different federal agencies started to run their own undercover programs.

Risks

There are two principal problems that can affect agents working in undercover roles. The first is the maintenance of identity and the second area is the reintegration back into normal duty.

Living a double life in a new environment presents many problems. Undercover work is one of the most stressful jobs a special agent can undertake. The largest cause of stress identified is the separation of an agent from friends, family and their normal environment. This simple isolation can lead to depression and anxiety. There is no data on the divorce rates of agents, but strain on relationships does occur. This can be a result of a need for secrecy and an inability to share work problems, the unpredictable work schedule, personality and lifestyle changes and the length of separation can all result in problems for relationships.

Stress can also result from an apparent lack of direction of the investigation or not knowing when it will end. The amount of elaborate planning, risk, and expenditure can pressure an agent to succeed, which can cause considerable stress. The stress that an undercover agent faces is considerably different from his counterparts on regular duties, whose main source of stress is the administration and the bureaucracy. As the undercover agents are removed from the bureaucracy, it may result in another problem. As they do not have the usual controls of a uniform, badge, constant supervision, a fixed place of work, or (often) a set assignment could, combined with their continual contact with the organized crime, increase the likelihood for corruption.

This stress may be instrumental in the development of drug or alcohol abuse in some agents. They are more prone to the development of an addiction as they suffer greater stress than other police, they are isolated, and drugs are often very accessible. Police, in general, have very high alcoholism rates compared to most occupational groups, and stress is cited as a likely factor. The environment that agents work in often involves a very liberal exposure to the consumption of alcohol, which in conjunction with the stress and isolation could result in alcoholism.

There can be some guilt associated with going undercover due to betraying the trust of those who have come to trust the officer. This can cause anxiety or even, in very rare cases, sympathy with those being targeted. This is especially true with the infiltration of political groups, as often the agent will share similar characteristics with those they are infiltrating like class, age, ethnicity or religion. This could even result in the conversion of some agents.

The lifestyle led by undercover agents is very different compared to other areas in law enforcement, and it can be quite difficult to reintegrate back into normal duties. Agents work their own hours, they are removed from direct supervisory monitoring and they can ignore the dress and etiquette rules. So the resettling back into the normal police role requires the shedding of old habits, language and dress. After working such free lifestyles, agents may have discipline problems or exhibit neurotic responses. They may feel uncomfortable, and take a cynical, suspicious or even paranoid world view and feel continually on guard.

Plainclothes law enforcement

Undercover agents should not be confused with law enforcement agents who wear plainclothes. This method is used by police and intelligence agencies. To wear plainclothes is to wear "ordinary clothes", instead of wearing a uniform to avoid detection or identification as a law enforcement agent. However, Plainclothes police officers typically carry normal police equipment and normal identification. Police detectives are often assigned to wear plainclothes instead of the uniform typically worn by their peers. Police officers in plainclothes must identify themselves when using their police powers; however, they are not required to identify themselves on demand and may lie about their status as a police officer.

See also

• Covert operation
• Undercovers (TV series)

References

Further reading

• The Decoy Man: The Extraordinary Adventures of an Undercover Cop, Charles Whited. Playboy Press/Simon & Schuster, 1973

English Journal

• Studying alcohol use prior to sexual intercourse among female sex workers in eastern indonesia.

• Safika I, Johnson TP.SourceSurvey Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA.
• Substance use & misuse.Subst Use Misuse.2013 Dec;48(14):1595-9. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2013.808221. Epub 2013 Jul 2.
• Researching female sex workers (FSWs) in Indonesia, where commercial sex tends to be hidden or undercover, is challenging but possible. This is even more challenging when it involves investigation of sensitive behaviors, such as their alcohol use, a known disinhibitor to risk behavior. The adoption
• PMID 23819738

• Types of soundwalks and their applications in soundscape design.

• Siebein GW, Siebein KM, Siebein G.SourceArchitecture, Univ. of Florida, 625 NW 60th St. Ste. C, Gainesville, FL 32607gsiebein@siebeinacoustic.com.
• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.J Acoust Soc Am.2013 Nov;134(5):4020. doi: 10.1121/1.4830676.
• Seven types of soundwalks are described with examples of the data obtained and the application of each to a case study project. The first type is one where an observer walks through an environment and just listens to get an introduction to the environment or an inspiration for later work. The second
• PMID 24181082

• Androgen receptor co-regulatory networks in castration resistant prostate cancer.

• Cheung E, Sung YY.SourceE Cheung, Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
• Endocrine-related cancer.Endocr Relat Cancer.2013 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]
• Androgen and the androgen receptor are critical effectors of prostate cancer. Consequently, androgen deprivation therapy is typically employed as a first line treatment for prostate cancer patients. While initial responses are generally positive, prostate tumors frequently recur and progress to a le
• PMID 24152433

Japanese Journal

• The Undercover Team Approach : Eliminating Bullying and Transforming Reputations (特集 ケアと正義)

• Williams Mike
• 共生と修復 (2), 33-37, 2012-05
• NAID 40019581414

• 法人公民館の設立・運営に関する一考察 : 岐阜県多治見市の財団法人池田町屋公民館を事例として

• 益川 浩一
• 教育學研究 78(1), 1-10, 2011-03-31
• 本稿は、現在設置されている法人公民館のひとつである岐阜県多治見市の財団法人池田町屋公民館を事例として、法人公民館の設立・運営の実態を歴史的に明らかにすることを目的とする。池田町屋公民館の設立にあたっては、1947年の政令第15号によりこれまでの区(部落会)では保有できなくなった山林等の区有財産の処理をめぐって、いわば区有財産保持・管理の「隠れみの」として法人立の公民館が設立された経緯が明らかとなっ …
• NAID 110008660972

• 隠蔽チャレンジ型C&R認証における触覚情報の強化に関する検討

• 孫 世峰,藤井 裕樹,酒井 崇裕 [他],山本 匠,西垣 正勝
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. ISEC, 情報セキュリティ 110(200), 53-60, 2010-09-03
• 現在,目視やビデオカメラ等を用いて正規ユーザの認証行為を覗き見ることにより認証情報を不正に入手するという覗き見攻撃が問題となっている.覗き見攻撃耐性を向上させる方式として,認証のチャレンジ&レスポンス(以降,C&Rと略記する)化がある.しかし,チャレンジとレスポンスの両者を観測することができる攻撃者に対して安全性を担保するには一方向性関数や暗号計算によってチャレンジからレスポンスを生成する必要があ …
• NAID 110008108063

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