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English Journal
- The rise and fall of Picobiliphytes: How assumed autotrophs turned out to be heterotrophs.
- Moreira D1, López-García P.Author information 1Unité d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR8079, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.AbstractAlgae are significant members of Earth's biodiversity. Having been studied for a long time, the discovery of new algal phyla is extremely unusual. Recently, the enigmatic "Picobiliphyta," a group of uncultured eukaryotes unveiled using molecular tools, were claimed to represent an unrecognized early branching algal lineage with a nucleomorph (remnant nucleus of a secondary algal endosymbiont) in their plastids. However, subsequent studies rejected the presence of a nucleomorph, and single-cell genomic studies failed to detect any plastid-related genes, ruling out the possibility of plastid occurrence. The isolation of the first "picobiliphyte," Picomonas judraskeda, a tiny organism that feeds on very small (<150 nm) organic particles, came as final proof of their non-photosynthetic lifestyle. Consequently, the group has been renamed Picozoa. The passage from "picobiliphytes" to "picozoa" illustrates the crucial role that classical protistology should play to provide sound biological context for the wealth of data produced by modern molecular techniques.
- BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology.Bioessays.2014 May;36(5):468-74. doi: 10.1002/bies.201300176. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
- Algae are significant members of Earth's biodiversity. Having been studied for a long time, the discovery of new algal phyla is extremely unusual. Recently, the enigmatic "Picobiliphyta," a group of uncultured eukaryotes unveiled using molecular tools, were claimed to represent an unrecognized early
- PMID 24615955
- Effects of fomesafen on soil enzyme activity, microbial population, and bacterial community composition.
- Zhang Q1, Zhu L, Wang J, Xie H, Wang J, Wang F, Sun F.Author information 1College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.AbstractFomesafen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that has an important role in the removal of broadleaf weeds in bean and fruit tree fields. However, very little information is known about the effects of this herbicide on soil microbial community structure and activities. In the present study, laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effects of different concentrations of fomesafen (0, 10, 100, and 500 μg/kg) on microbial community structure and activities during an exposure period of 60 days, using soil enzyme assays, plate counting, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results of enzymatic activity experiments showed that fomesafen had different stimulating effects on the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and dehydrogenase, with dehydrogenase being most sensitive to fomesafen. On the tenth day, urease activity was inhibited significantly after treatment of different concentrations of fomesafen; this inhibiting effect then gradually disappeared and returned to the control level after 30 days. Plate counting experiments indicated that the number of bacteria and actinomycetes increased in fomesafen-spiked soil relative to the control after 30 days of incubation, while fungal number decreased significantly after only 10 days. The DGGE results revealed that the bacterial community varied in response to the addition of fomesafen, and the intensity of these six bands was greater on day 10. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the six excised DGGE bands were closely related to Emticicia, Bacillus, and uncultured bacteria. After 10 days, the bacterial community exhibited no obvious change compared with the control. Throughout the experiment, we concluded that 0-500 μg/kg of fomesafen could not produce significant toxic effects on soil microbial community structure and activities.
- Environmental monitoring and assessment.Environ Monit Assess.2014 May;186(5):2801-12. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3581-9. Epub 2013 Dec 22.
- Fomesafen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that has an important role in the removal of broadleaf weeds in bean and fruit tree fields. However, very little information is known about the effects of this herbicide on soil microbial community structure and activities. In the present study, laboratory exp
- PMID 24362514
- Nitritating-anammox biomass tolerant to high dissolved oxygen concentration and C/N ratio in treatment of yeast factory wastewater.
- Zekker I, Rikmann E, Tenno T, Seiman A, Loorits L, Kroon K, Tomingas M, Vabamäe P, Tenno T.AbstractMaintaining stability of low concentration (< 1 g L(-1)) floccular biomass in the nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system for the treatment of high COD (> 15,000 mg O2 L(-1)) to N (1680 mg N L(-1)) ratio real wastewater streams coming from the food industry is challenging. The anammox process was suitable for the treatment of yeast factory wastewater containing relatively high and abruptly increased organic C/N ratio and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Maximum specific total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) loading and removal rates applied were 600 and 280 mg N g(-1) VSS d(-1), respectively. Average TIN removal efficiency over the operation period of 270 days was 70%. Prior to simultaneous reduction of high organics (total organic carbon > 600mg L(-1)) and N concentrations > 400 mg L(-1), hydraulic retention time of 15 h and DO concentrations of 3.18 (+/- 1.73) mg O2 L(-1) were applied. Surprisingly, higher DO concentrations did not inhibit the anammox process efficiency demonstrating a wider application of cultivated anammox biomass. The SBR was fed rapidly over 5% of the cycle time at 50% volumetric exchange ratio. It maintained high free ammonia concentration, suppressing growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Partial least squares and response surface modelling revealed two periods of SBR operation and the SBR performances change at different periods with different total nitrogen (TN) loadings. Anammox activity tests showed yeast factory-specific organic N compound-betaine and inorganic N simultaneous biodegradation. Among other microorganisms determined by pyrosequencing, anammox microorganism (uncultured Planctomycetales bacterium clone P4) was determined by polymerase chain reaction also after applying high TN loading rates.
- Environmental technology.Environ Technol.2014 May-Jun;35(9-12):1565-76.
- Maintaining stability of low concentration (< 1 g L(-1)) floccular biomass in the nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system for the treatment of high COD (> 15,000 mg O2 L(-1)) to N (1680 mg N L(-1)) ratio real wastewater streams co
- PMID 24701957
Japanese Journal
- The Combination of Functional Metagenomics and an Oil-Fed Enrichment Strategy Revealed the Phylogenetic Diversity of Lipolytic Bacteria Overlooked by the Cultivation-Based Method
- NARIHIRO TAKASHI,SUZUKI AYA,YOSHIMUNE KAZUAKI [他]
- Microbes and environments 29(2), 154-161, 2014-06
- NAID 40020104887
- Molecular Diversity of Eukaryotes in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Processes as Revealed by 18S rRNA Gene Analysis
- Matsunaga Kengo,Kubota Kengo,Harada Hideki
- Microbes and Environments, 2014
- … Members of the uncultured lineage LKM11 in Cryptomycota were predominant fungi in sewage treatment processes. …
- NAID 130004703877
- The protistan microplankton community along the Kuroshio Current revealed by 18S rRNA gene clone analysis: a case study of the differences in distribution interplay with ecological variability
- Kok Sau Pin,Tsuchiya Kenji,Komatsu Kosei,Toda Tatsuki,Kurosawa Norio
- Plankton and Benthos Research 9(2), 71-82, 2014
- … The dinoflagellate phylotypes were affiliated with five genera and 14 uncultured groups, with Gyrodinium as the most frequently detected genus. … The diatoms were also well represented and consisted of 13 genera and six uncultured groups. …
- NAID 130004685315