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of or like a cecum (同)caecal

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=cecum

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/03 14:38:50」(JST)

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Caecitis or cecitis, more commonly called typhlitis or typhlenteritis, is an inflammation of the caecum (part of the large intestine) that may be associated with infection.^[1]

Cause [edit]

The condition is usually caused by gram positive enteric commensal bacteria of the gut (gut flora). Clostridium difficile is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that commonly causes severe diarrhea and other intestinal disease when competing bacteria are wiped out by antibiotics.

Typhlitis affects immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing chemotherapy,^[2] patients with AIDS, kidney transplant patients, or the elderly.^[3]

Signs and symptoms [edit]

Signs and symptoms of typhlitis may include diarrhea, a distended abdomen, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain or tenderness.^[3]

Prognosis [edit]

Inflammation can spread to other parts of the gut in patients with caecitis.^{[citation needed]}

The condition can also cause the caecum to become distended and can cut off its blood supply. This and other factors can result in necrosis and perforation of the bowel, which can cause peritonitis and sepsis.^[4] The mortality rate for caecitis can be as high as 40 to 50%, mostly because it is frequently associated with bowel perforation.^[3] Caecitis is diagnosed with a radiograph CT scan showing thickening of the caecum and "fat stranding".^{[citation needed]}

Treatment [edit]

Typhlitis is a medical emergency. It has a very poor prognosis and is often fatal unless promptly recognized and aggressively treated.^[2]

Successful treatment hinges on:

... 1) early diagnosis provided by a high index of suspicion and the use of CT scanning, 2) nonoperative treatment for uncomplicated cases, and 3) elective right hemicolectomy to prevent recurrence....

... The authors have found nonoperative treatment highly effective in patients who do not manifest signs of peritonitis, perforation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, or clinical deterioration. Recurrent typhlitis was frequent after conservative therapy (recurrence rate, 67 percent), however.^[2] ...

References [edit]

^ Definition at thefreedictionary.com
^ ^a ^b ^c Keidan, RD; Fanning, Gatenby, Weese (Mar 1989). "Recurrent typhlitis. A disease resulting from aggressive chemotherapy". Dis Colon Rectum. 32(3): 206–9. PMID 2920627. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c Stoehr TM and Koslin DB. 2004. Typhlitis Imaging. emedicine.com.
^ L Boggio1, R Pooley2, S I Roth2 and J N Winter1 Typhlitis complicating autologous blood stem cell transplantation for breast cancer NATURE, February 2000, Volume 25, Number 3, Pages 321-326

UpToDate Contents

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1. 好中球減少性腸炎（盲腸炎） neutropenic enterocolitis typhlitis
2. 新生児における壊死性腸炎の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns
3. 新生児における壊死性腸炎のマネージメント management of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns
4. 新生児における壊死性腸炎の病理および病因 pathology and pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns
5. 新生児における壊死性腸炎の予防 prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns

English Journal

Male Syrian Hamsters Experimentally Infected with Helicobacter spp. of the H. bilis Cluster Develop MALT-Associated Gastrointestinal Lymphomas.

Woods SE1, Ek C1, Shen Z1, Feng Y1, Ge Z1, Muthupalani S1, Whary MT1, Fox JG1.
Helicobacter.Helicobacter.2016 Jun;21(3):201-17. doi: 10.1111/hel.12265. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
BACKGROUND: Aged hamsters naturally infected with novel Helicobacter spp. classified in the H. bilis cluster develop hepatobiliary lesions and typhlocolitis.METHODS: To determine whether enterohepatic H. spp. contribute to disease, Helicobacter-free hamsters were experimentally infected with H. spp
PMID 26348390

Non-neutropenic acute typhlitis associated to gram-positive bacillus: clinicopathological series.

Burgos CL1,2, Pizarro CE3, Moreta RZ4,5, Gallardo PO4.
International journal of colorectal disease.Int J Colorectal Dis.2016 Jun;31(6):1227-8. doi: 10.1007/s00384-015-2438-9. Epub 2015 Nov 13.
PMID 26563185

ABVE-PC and modified BEACOPP regimen in Indian children with Hodgkin lymphoma: Feasibility and efficacy.

Jayabose S1, Viswanathan K1, Kumar V1, Annamalai A1, Srinivasan A2, Scott JX2, Rathnam K1.
Indian journal of medical and paediatric oncology : official journal of Indian Society of Medical & Paediatric Oncology.Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol.2016 Apr-Jun;37(2):106-11. doi: 10.4103/0971-5851.180142.
AIMS: To study the toxicity of ABVE-PC (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone and cyclophosphamide) and modified-BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) in intermediate-risk and high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma patients.METH
PMID 27168709

Japanese Journal

Post-appendectomy Typhlitis Initially Diagnosed as an Intra-peritoneal Residual Abscess until an Exploratory Re-laparotomy : An Abscess-like Finding of Inflammation of the Cecum on CT

Iinuma Yasushi,Takahashi Naoya,Nitta Kohju,Naito Shinichi,Higuchi Takeshi,Yamazaki Yoshihiko,Hirose Yasuo,Kumagai Ken,Tanaka Toshiharu,Miyajima Mamoru,Sekiguchi Hiroshi,Honda Hiroyuki
Acta medica et biologica 54(3), 99-102, 2006-09
… We here report the case of a 10-year-old female who developed post-appendectomy typhlitis (PT) that could not be identified until an exploratory re-laparotomy. …
NAID 110006483828