tusk

WordNet

remove the tusks of animals; "tusk an elephant" (同)detusk
a long pointed tooth specialized for fighting or digging; especially in an elephant or walrus or hog
any mammal with prominent tusks (especially an elephant or wild boar)
having tusks

PrepTutorEJDIC

(象などの)きば / きばのような歯(突出物) / …をきばで突く(掘り返す)
(きばのある)象

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/21 10:24:13」(JST)

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Elephant

Tusks are elongated, continuously growing front teeth, usually but not always in pairs, that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species. They are most commonly canines, as with warthogs, pig, and walruses, or, in the case of elephants, elongated incisors. In most tusked species both the males and the females have tusks although the males' are larger. Tusks are generally curved, though the narwhal's sole tusk is straight and has a helical structure. In the elephant, the tusks were originally second incisors. Continuous growth is enabled by formative tissues in the apical openings of the roots of the teeth.^[1]^[2]

Uses

Tusks have a variety of uses depending on the animal. Social displays of dominance, particularly among males, are common, as is their use in defence against attackers. Elephants use their tusks as digging and boring tools. Walruses use their tusks to grip on ice and to haul out on ice.^[3] The presence of a tusk in only the male narwhals suggests that for these whales the tusk is a secondary sex characteristic.^[4]

Tusks are used by humans to produce ivory, which is used in artifacts and jewellery, and formerly in other items such as piano keys. Consequently, many tusk-bearing species have been hunted commercially and several are endangered. The ivory trade has been severely restricted by the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

Gallery

Walruses

Warthog

Columbian mammoth

Tusks of a domestic boar

Narwhals

References

^ "Tusk". The Oxford English Dictionary. 2010.
^ Konjevic, D.; Kierdorf, U.; Manojlovic, L.; Severin, K.; Janicki, Z.; Slavica A.; Reindl B.; Pivac; I. (4 April 2006). "The spectrum of tusk pathology in wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from Croatia" (PDF). Veterinarski Arhiv. 76 (suppl.) (S91–S100). Retrieved 9 January 2011.
^ Fay, F.H. (1985). "Odobenus rosmarus". Mammalian Species 238 (238): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3503810.
^ "Monodon monoceros". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department: Species Fact Sheets. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved November 2007.

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English Journal

Biodegradation of ivory (natural apatite): possible involvement of fungal activity in biodeterioration of the Lewis Chessmen.

Pinzari F, Tate J, Bicchieri M, Rhee YJ, Gadd GM.SourceIstituto Centrale per il Restauro e la Conservazione del Patrimonio Archivistico e Librario, Via Milano 76, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Environmental microbiology.Environ Microbiol.2013 Apr;15(4):1050-62. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12027. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
Fungal biodeterioration of ivory was investigated with in vitro inoculation of samples obtained from boar and walrus tusks with the fungi Aspergillus niger and Serpula himantioides, species of known geoactive abilities. A combination of light and scanning electron microscopy together with associated
PMID 23157656

Tusk tracking will tackle illegal trade.

Cressey D.
Nature.Nature.2013 Feb 28;494(7438):411-2. doi: 10.1038/494411a.
PMID 23446393

Japanese Journal

伝統構法木造建物の嵌合型接合部補強に関するポリカーボネートの適用可能性

日本建築学会技術報告集 21(48), 609-614, 2015
NAID 130005078411

静的加力実験に基づく柱-差鴨居接合部の復元力特性評価

日本建築学会技術報告集 21(48), 603-608, 2015
NAID 130005078410

22237 静的加力実験に基づく伝統木造建物鼻栓仕様差鴨居接合部の復元力特性評価その2 復元力特性評価(継手・仕口(2),構造III,2014年度日本建築学会大会(近畿)学術講演会・建築デザイン発表会)

学術講演梗概集 2014(構造III), 473-474, 2014-09-12
NAID 110009851853

22236 静的加力実験に基づく伝統木造建物鼻栓仕様差鴨居接合部の復元力特性評価その1 実験計画と結果の概要(継手・仕口(2),構造III,2014年度日本建築学会大会(近畿)学術講演会・建築デザイン発表会)

学術講演梗概集 2014(構造III), 471-472, 2014-09-12
NAID 110009851852

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[1] "Tusk". The Oxford English Dictionary. 2010.

[2] Konjevic, D.; Kierdorf, U.; Manojlovic, L.; Severin, K.; Janicki, Z.; Slavica A.; Reindl B.; Pivac; I. (4 April 2006). "The spectrum of tusk pathology in wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from Croatia" (PDF). Veterinarski Arhiv. 76 (suppl.) (S91–S100). Retrieved 9 January 2011.

[Fay85-3] Fay, F.H. (1985). "Odobenus rosmarus". Mammalian Species 238 (238): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3503810.

[4] "Monodon monoceros". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department: Species Fact Sheets. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved November 2007.

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