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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/24 15:57:18」(JST)

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Tryptase (EC 3.4.21.59, ) is the most abundant secretory granule-derived serine proteinase contained in mast cells and has been used as a marker for mast cell activation.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Preferential cleavage: Arg-, Lys-, but with more restricted specificity than trypsin

Nomenclature

Tryptase is also known by mast cell tryptase, mast cell protease II, skin tryptase, lung tryptase, pituitary tryptase, mast cell neutral proteinase, mast cell neutral proteinase, mast cell serine proteinase II, mast cell proteinase II, mast cell serine proteinase tryptase, rat mast cell protease II, and tryptase M.

Clinical use

Serum levels are normally less than 11.5 ng/mL.^[6] Elevated levels of serum tryptase occur in both anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions, but a negative test does not exclude anaphylaxis. Tryptase is less likely to be elevated in food allergy reactions as opposed to other causes of anaphylaxis.

Physiology

Tryptase is involved with allergenic response and is suspected to act as a mitogen for fibroblast lines. Tryptase may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation.^[7]

Genes

Human genes that encode proteins with tryptase activity include:

Gene	Enzyme
TPSAB1	Tryptase alpha-1
TPSAB1	Tryptase beta-1
TPSB2	Tryptase beta-2
TPSD1	Tryptase delta
TPSG1	Tryptase gamma
PRSS22	Tryptase epsilon

References

^ Tanaka T, McRae BJ, Cho K, Cook R, Fraki JE, Johnson DA, Powers JC (November 1983). "Mammalian tissue trypsin-like enzymes. Comparative reactivities of human skin tryptase, human lung tryptase, and bovine trypsin with peptide 4-nitroanilide and thioester substrates". J. Biol. Chem. 258 (22): 13552–7. PMID 6358206.
^ Vanderslice P, Ballinger SM, Tam EK, Goldstein SM, Craik CS, Caughey GH (May 1990). "Human mast cell tryptase: multiple cDNAs and genes reveal a multigene serine protease family". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (10): 3811–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.10.3811. PMC 53993. PMID 2187193.
^ Kido H, Fukusen N, Katunuma N (1985). "Chymotrypsin- and trypsin-type serine proteases in rat mast cells: properties and functions". Arch. Biochem. Biophys 239: 436–443. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(85)90709-X. PMID 3890754.
^ Cromlish JA, Seidah NG, Marcinkiewicz M, Hamelin J, Johnson DA, Chrétien M (1987). "Human pituitary tryptase: molecular forms, NH₂-terminal sequence, immunocytochemical localization, and specificity with prohormone and fluorogenic substrates". J. Biol. Chem. 262: 1363–1373. PMID 3543004.
^ Harvima IT, Schechter NM, Harvima RJ, Fräki JE (1988). "Human skin tryptase: purification, partial characterization and comparison with human lung tryptase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 957: 71–80. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(88)90158-6. PMID 3140898.
^ Mayo Clinic > Test ID: FFTRS91815, Tryptase. Retrieved October, 2012^{[dead link]}
^ Selwood T, Jaffe EK (2011). "Dynamic dissociating homo-oligomers and the control of protein function.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 519 (2): 131–43. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2011.11.020. PMC 3298769. PMID 22182754.

External links

Tryptases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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UpToDate Contents

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1. アナフィラキシーの臨床診断を裏付ける臨床検査 laboratory tests to support the clinical diagnosis of anaphylaxis
2. 肥満細胞症（皮膚および全身性）の評価および診断 evaluation and diagnosis of mastocytosis cutaneous and systemic
3. 成人における確定診断を得られていない低血圧やショックの評価および初期アプローチ evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock
4. アナフィラキシーの病態生理 pathophysiology of anaphylaxis
5. 肥満細胞活性化障害 mast cell activation disorders

English Journal

Systemic mastocytosis in adults: 2012 Update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.

Pardanani A.SourceDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MinnesotaConflict of interest: Nothing to report. pardanani.animesh@mayo.edu.
American journal of hematology.Am J Hematol.2012 Apr;87(4):401-11. doi: 10.1002/ajh.23134.
Disease Overview: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) results from a clonal proliferation of abnormal mast cells (MC) in one or more extra-cutaneous organs. Diagnosis: The major criterion is presence of multifocal clusters of morphologically abnormal MC in the bone marrow. Minor diagnostic criteria include e
PMID 22410759

Substance P Signaling Controls Mast Cell Activation, Degranulation, and Nociceptive Sensitization in a Rat Fracture Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Li WW, Guo TZ, Liang DY, Sun Y, Kingery WS, Clark JD.Source* Senior Research Scientist, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, and Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. † Research Associate, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System. ‡ Senior Scientist, Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, and Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine. § Postdoctoral Fellow, Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, and Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine. ‖ Assistant Chief, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System. # Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, and Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine.
Anesthesiology.Anesthesiology.2012 Apr;116(4):882-895.
BACKGROUND: Patients with complex regional pain syndrome have increased tryptase in the skin of the affected extremity indicating mast cell (MC) accumulation and degranulation, processes known to be mediated by substance P (SP). The dysregulation of SP release from primary afferent neurons is charac
PMID 22343473

Japanese Journal

Regulation of Histamine Synthesis and Tryptase Expression through Transcription Factors, Growth Factor Independent 1 (Gfi1) and Gfi1b, in Murine Cultured Mast Cells

Taura Azusa,Furuta Kazuyuki,Yamaguchi Tomoko [他]
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 37(1), 81-86, 2014-01
NAID 40019938798

Regulation of Histamine Synthesis and Tryptase Expression through Transcription Factors, Growth Factor Independent 1 (Gfi1) and Gfi1b, in Murine Cultured Mast Cells

Taura Azusa,Furuta Kazuyuki,Yamaguchi Tomoko,Kawabata Kenji,Tanaka Satoshi
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(1), 81-86, 2014
… Histamine synthesis was significantly induced by stem cell factor (SCF) alone, whereas tryptase expression was significantly augmented in the presence of both SCF and Swiss 3T3 cells. … Since exogenously expressed Gfi1 and Gfi1b might affect their expression levels in MC9 cells, we investigated the relationship between the expression profiles of Gfi1/Gfi1b proteins and maturation indices, such as histamine synthesis and tryptase expression. …
NAID 130003382104

Eosinophilia and Bone Lesion as Clinical Manifestations of Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis

Sakane-Ishikawa Emiko,Kodaka Taiichi,Tsunemine Hiroko,Itoh Kiminari,Akasaka Hiroshi,Kusama Toshiyuki,Imaizumi Kisako,Taketomi Masanori,Sada Akiko,Katayama Yoshio,Itoh Tomoo,Takahashi Takayuki
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hematopathology 53(3), 207-213, 2013
… A diagnosis of aggressive SM was made on the basis of abnormal mast cells in the bone marrow, high serum tryptase levels, and multiple lytic bone lesions including vertebral compression fractures. …
NAID 130003383995

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Tryptase
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EC number	3.4.21.59
CAS number	97501-93-4
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ExPASy	NiceZyme view
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　　[★]

英: tryptase
関: 肥満細胞

肥満細胞顆粒の中性プロテアーゼ

[pmid6358206-1] Tanaka T, McRae BJ, Cho K, Cook R, Fraki JE, Johnson DA, Powers JC (November 1983). "Mammalian tissue trypsin-like enzymes. Comparative reactivities of human skin tryptase, human lung tryptase, and bovine trypsin with peptide 4-nitroanilide and thioester substrates". J. Biol. Chem. 258 (22): 13552–7. PMID 6358206.

[pmid2187193-2] Vanderslice P, Ballinger SM, Tam EK, Goldstein SM, Craik CS, Caughey GH (May 1990). "Human mast cell tryptase: multiple cDNAs and genes reveal a multigene serine protease family". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (10): 3811–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.10.3811. PMC 53993. PMID 2187193.

[3] Kido H, Fukusen N, Katunuma N (1985). "Chymotrypsin- and trypsin-type serine proteases in rat mast cells: properties and functions". Arch. Biochem. Biophys 239: 436–443. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(85)90709-X. PMID 3890754.

[4] Cromlish JA, Seidah NG, Marcinkiewicz M, Hamelin J, Johnson DA, Chrétien M (1987). "Human pituitary tryptase: molecular forms, NH₂-terminal sequence, immunocytochemical localization, and specificity with prohormone and fluorogenic substrates". J. Biol. Chem. 262: 1363–1373. PMID 3543004.

[5] Harvima IT, Schechter NM, Harvima RJ, Fräki JE (1988). "Human skin tryptase: purification, partial characterization and comparison with human lung tryptase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 957: 71–80. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(88)90158-6. PMID 3140898.

[6] Mayo Clinic > Test ID: FFTRS91815, Tryptase. Retrieved October, 2012^{[dead link]}

[pmid22182754-7] Selwood T, Jaffe EK (2011). "Dynamic dissociating homo-oligomers and the control of protein function.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 519 (2): 131–43. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2011.11.020. PMC 3298769. PMID 22182754.

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tryptase