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Definition of transitions and transversions.

Transversion, in molecular biology, refers to the substitution of a (two ring) purine for a (one ring) pyrimidine or conversely in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).^[1] It can only be reversed by a spontaneous reversion.

Although there are two possible transversions but only one possible transition, transition mutations are more likely than transversions because substituting a single ring structure for another single ring structure is more likely than substituting a double ring for a single ring. Also, transitions are less likely to result in amino acid substitutions (due to "wobble"), and are therefore more likely to persist as "silent substitutions" in populations as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).^[2] A transversion usually has a more pronounced effect than a transition because the third nucleotide codon position of the DNA, which to a large extent is responsible for the degeneracy of the code, is more tolerant of transition than a transversion: that is, a transition is more likely to encode for the same amino acid.

Transversions can be spontaneous, or can be caused by ionizing radiation or alkylating agents.

References

^ Futuyma, D.J. (2013). Evolution (3rd ed.). Sinauer. ISBN 978-1605351155.
^ Diagram at mun.ca

External links

Carr, Steven M. "Transition versus Transversion mutations". Memorial University of Newfoundland.
Nikolay's Genetics Lessons (2014). Transition versus Transversion mutations (how to memorize). Youtube.

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