WordNet

very high frequency sound; used in ultrasonography

PrepTutorEJDIC

(金属のひずみなどを調べる)超音波

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/01 13:38:50」(JST)

wiki en

Gynecologic ultrasonography or gynecologic sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs, specifically the uterus, the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, as well as the bladder, the adnexa, the Pouch of Douglas, and any findings in the pelvis of relevance outside of pregnancy.

Routes[edit]

The examination can be performed transabdominally, generally with a full bladder which acts as an acoustic window to achieve better visualization of pelvis organs, or transvaginally with a specifically designed vaginal transducer. Transvaginal imaging utilizes a higher frequency imaging, which gives better resolution of the ovaries, uterus and endometrium (the fallopian tubes are generally not seen unless distended), but is limited to depth of image penetration, whereas larger lesions reaching into the abdomen are better seen transabdominally. Having a full bladder for the transabdominal portion of the exam is helpful because sound travels through fluid with less attenuation to better visualize the uterus and ovaries which lies posteriorly to the bladder. The procedure is by definition invasive when performed transvaginally. Scans are performed by health care professionals called sonographers, or gynecologists trained in ultrasound.

Applications[edit]

Gynecologic sonography is used extensively:

to assess pelvic organs,
to diagnose acute appendicitis^[1]
to diagnose and manage gynecologic problems including endometriosis, leiomyoma, adenomyosis, ovarian cysts and lesions,
to identify adnexal masses, including ectopic pregnancy,
to diagnose gynecologic cancer
in infertility treatments to track the response of ovarian follicles to fertility medication (i.e. Pergonal). However, it often underestimates the true ovarian volume.^[2]

Through transvaginal sonography ovarian cysts can be aspirated. This technique is also used in transvaginal oocyte retrieval to obtain human eggs (oocytes) through sonographic directed transvaginal puncture of ovarian follicles in IVF.

Sonohysterography is a specialized procedure by which fluid, usually sterile saline, is installed into the uterine cavity, and gynecologic sonography performed at the same time. The procedure delineates intrauterine pathology such as polyps, Asherman's syndrome, uterine malformations or submucous leiomyoma.

Sonohysterography

References[edit]

^ Caspi, B.; Zbar, AP.; Mavor, E.; Hagay, Z.; Appelman, Z. (Mar 2003). "The contribution of transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: an observational study.". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 21 (3): 273–6. doi:10.1002/uog.72. PMID 12666223.
^ Rosendahl M, Ernst E, Rasmussen PE, Yding Andersen C (December 2008). "True ovarian volume is underestimated by two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound measurement". Fertil. Steril. 93 (3): 995–998. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.055. PMID 19108822.

External links[edit]

Information about Sonography

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 産婦人科における超音波検査 ultrasound examination in obstetrics and gynecology
2. 妊婦における腟出血の病因および評価の概要 overview of the etiology and evaluation of vaginal bleeding in pregnant women
3. 悪性または前癌疾患に関する子宮内膜の評価 evaluation of the endometrium for malignant or premalignant disease
4. 妊娠期間および出産予定日の出生前評価 prenatal assessment of gestational age and estimated date of delivery
5. 正常月経周期の超音波評価 ultrasound evaluation of the normal menstrual cycle

English Journal

Preoperative staging of endometrial cancer using TVS, MRI, and hysteroscopy.

Ortoft G, Dueholm M, Mathiesen O, Hansen ES, Lundorf E, Møller C, Marinovskij E, Petersen LK.SourceDepartment ofGynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.2013 May;92(5):536-45. doi: 10.1111/aogs.12103. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of different preoperative modalities for staging of endometrial cancer to restrict extensive surgery to patients at high risk of metastatic disease.SETTING: Aarhus University Hospital.POPULATION: 156 women referred in 2006-2011 because of atypical endometrial hyp
PMID 23398280

A comparison between an ultrasound based prediction model (LR2) and the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) to assess the risk of malignancy in women with an adnexal mass.

Kaijser J, Van Gorp T, Van Hoorde K, Van Holsbeke C, Sayasneh A, Vergote I, Bourne T, Timmerman D, Van Calster B.SourceAcademic Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Gynecologic oncology.Gynecol Oncol.2013 May;129(2):377-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.01.018. Epub 2013 Jan 27.
OBJECTIVE: The identification of novel biomarkers led to the development of the ROMA algorithm incorporating both HE4 and CA125 to predict malignancy in women with a pelvic mass. An ultrasound based prediction model (LR2) developed by the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) study offers bett
PMID 23360924

The combination of genetic variants of the FSHB and FSHR genes affects serum FSH in women of reproductive age.

La Marca A, Papaleo E, Alviggi C, Ruvolo G, De Placido G, Candiani M, Cittadini E, De Michele F, Moriondo V, Catellani V, Volpe A, Simoni M.SourceMother-Infant Department - Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Largo del Pozzo, Modena 41100, Italy.
Human reproduction (Oxford, England).Hum Reprod.2013 May;28(5):1369-74. doi: 10.1093/humrep/det061. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
STUDY QUESTION: What is the effect of FSHB-211G>T together with the FSHR 2039 A>G on serum FSH in women SUMMARY ANSWER: Serum FSH levels are affected by the combination of genetic polymorphisms in FSHR and FSHB.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The relationship between SNPs of the FSHR gene and serum FSH
PMID 23504007