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very high frequency sound; used in ultrasonography

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(金属のひずみなどを調べる)超音波

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/15 09:17:35」(JST)

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Transrectal ultrasound create an image of organs in the pelvis. The most common indication for transrectal ultrasound is for the evaluation of the prostate gland in men with elevated prostate specific antigen or prostatic nodules on digital rectal exam. Ultrasound may reveal prostate cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy, or prostatitis. Ultrasound may also be used to help guide a biopsy of the prostate.^[1]

References

^ O' Donoghue PM, McSweeney SE, Jhaveri K (2010). "Genitourinary imaging: current and emerging applications". J Postgrad Med 56 (2): 131–9. doi:10.4103/0022-3859.65291. PMID 20622393.

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1. 前立腺生検 prostate biopsy
2. 便失禁の評価における直腸超音波内視鏡検査 endorectal endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of fecal incontinence
3. 前立腺癌のスクリーニング screening for prostate cancer
4. 直腸癌における超音波内視鏡検査 endoscopic ultrasound in rectal cancer
5. 直腸癌治療前の局所の病期分類評価 pretreatment local staging evaluation for rectal cancer

English Journal

Neospora caninum DNA detection by TaqMan real-time PCR assay in experimentally infected pregnant heifers.

Pereira GR1, Vogel FS2, Bohrer RC1, da Nóbrega JE Jr1, Ilha GF1, da Rosa PR1, Glanzner WG1, Camillo G3, Braunig P3, de Oliveira JF1, Gonçalves PB1.Author information 1Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Reprodução Animal - BioRep, Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais (DCGA), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil.2Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias - LaDoPar, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: fefevogel@gmail.com.3Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias - LaDoPar, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.AbstractNeosporosis has been considered the main cause of abortion between the first and the second trimester of pregnancy in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the presence of Neospora caninum DNA obtained from experimental models based on the evaluation of different areas of the fetal nervous system and organs from heifers previously inoculated with NC-1 after or before insemination. This study was performed with Hereford×Nelore (n=29) heifers and all animals were considered free of diseases at the beginning of the experiment. All animals were bred by fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) and allocated as follows: (a) seronegative heifers subjected to TAI (TAI, n=9), (b) heifers infected with N. caninun 60 days prior to TAI (NC-1+TAI, n=9), and (c) heifers submitted to TAI and infected with N. caninum 60 days later (TAI+NC-1, n=11). The pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography 35 days after TAI and evaluated every 30 days until the end of gestation. Fetuses were collected surgically at 170 days of gestation, and immediately necropsied to remove tissues aseptically. Samples of the central nervous system (CNS), heart, kidney, lung, liver, skeletal muscle and caruncle were collected for DNA extraction. Days of gestation at abortion and interval from abortion to first insemination were examined by Student's t-test. At 35 days of gestation the pregnancy rates in the group NC-1+TAI (4/9, 44.4%) was lower than in the control group (8/9, 88.8%, P<0.05). At 60 days, the pregnancy rates in the NC-1+TAI group (0/4, 0%) was lower compared to TAI+NC-1 (5/7, 71.4%) and control (6/8, 75.0%) groups (P<0.05). Animals from the group NC-1+TAI were re-inseminated 60 days after the first TAI. After pregnancy losses throughout the study, 5 animals (TAI), 3 animals (NC-1+TAI) and 5 animals (TAI+NC-1) maintained pregnancy until 170 days of gestation. TaqMan RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of N. caninum DNA in the medulla and right posterior cortex in 3 out of 5 fetuses from the TAI+NC-1 group. We concluded that heifers infected after TAI had a higher incidence of the parasite at the fetus CNS. Identification of N. caninum by TaqMan RT-PCR would assist in the investigation of infection and in the evaluation of vaccines or therapeutic drugs to control neosporosis in cattle.
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2014 Jan 31;199(3-4):129-35. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.10.018. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
Neosporosis has been considered the main cause of abortion between the first and the second trimester of pregnancy in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the presence of Neospora caninum DNA obtained from experimental models based on the evaluation of different areas of th
PMID 24269161

Clinical, ultrasonographic, and endocrinological studies on donkey pregnancy.

Crisci A1, Rota A2, Panzani D1, Sgorbini M1, Ousey JC3, Camillo F1.Author information 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.2Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: alerota@vet.unipi.it.3Rossdale and Partners, Newmarket, Suffolk, England.AbstractAlthough donkey breeding has gained new interest in the past two decades, knowledge about donkey reproduction is still scarce, particularly on jenny pregnancy. The aim of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic and endocrine profiles of the physiological pregnancy in the jenny. The study was performed on 12 pregnancies of 7 Amiata donkeys from Day 10 after ovulation to delivery. Because three pregnancies, respectively at weeks 42, 44, and 45, were considered pathologic and treated pharmacologically, data collected from 2 weeks before diagnosis to the end of pregnancy were removed from the analysis. Average length of the normal pregnancies was 353.4 ± 13.0 days (range, 339-370 days). Timing, dimensions, and development during the first phases of embryonic growth, evaluated using transrectal ultrasound, were similar to that previously described in jennies and mares: first detection of embryonic vesicle was at 11.8 ± 1.3 days of gestation and diameter was 6.5 ± 1.9 mm, loss of spherical shape occurred at 18.5 ± 1.4 days, and embryo and heart beat were first seen at 22.0 ± 1.1 and 25 ± 1.1 days, respectively. The intrauterine growth in the second half of pregnancy, evaluated using the transrectal and transabdominal approach, also showed strong positive correlations, similar to that reported for the mare. The trends of the combined thickness of the utero-placental unit and the echogenicity of the amniotic and allantoic fluids are examples. The diameters (mm) of fetal chest, eye orbit, and aorta increased throughout pregnancy and were 40.6 ± 2.9, 8.7 ± 1.5, and 3.5 ± 0.7, respectively, at week 13, and 190.9 ± 12.0, 21.4 ± 1.5, and 30.6 ± 1.8 at the last evaluation before parturition. In contrast, heart rate decreased as pregnancy progressed. Regression analyses between these parameters and day of gestation were statistically significant (P < 0.001). All fetuses consistently showed some intrauterine activity. Maternal plasma progestagens and estrone sulfate concentrations followed a pattern similar to that seen in mares, although the prepartal progestagen peak was lower in jennies. This study provides a range of ultrasonographic and endocrine values for normal pregnancy in jennies.
Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2014 Jan 15;81(2):275-83. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.026. Epub 2013 Sep 28.
Although donkey breeding has gained new interest in the past two decades, knowledge about donkey reproduction is still scarce, particularly on jenny pregnancy. The aim of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic and endocrine profiles of the physiological pregnancy in the jenny. The study was
PMID 24157228

Seminal, clinical and colour-Doppler ultrasound correlations of prostatitis-like symptoms in males of infertile couples.

Lotti F, Corona G, Mondaini N, Maseroli E, Rossi M, Filimberti E, Noci I, Forti G, Maggi M.Author information Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.Abstract'Prostatitis-like symptoms' (PLS) are a cluster of bothersome conditions defined as 'perineal and/or ejaculatory pain or discomfort and National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) pain subdomain score ≥4' (Nickel's criteria). PLS may originate from the prostate or from other portions of the male genital tract. Although PLS could be associated with 'prostatitis', they should not be confused. The NIH-CPSI is considered the gold-standard for assessing PLS severity. Although previous studies investigated the impact of prostatitis, vesiculitis or epididymitis on semen parameters, correlations between their related symptoms and seminal or scrotal/transrectal colour-Doppler ultrasound (CDU) characteristics have not been carefully determined. And no previous study evaluated the CDU features of PLS in infertile men. This study was aimed at investigating possible associations among NIH-CPSI (total and subdomain) scores and PLS, with seminal, clinical and scrotal/transrectal CDU parameters in a cohort of males of infertile couples. PLS of 400 men (35.8 ± 7.2 years) with a suspected male factor were assessed by the NIH-CPSI. All patients underwent, during the same day, semen analysis, seminal plasma interleukin 8 (sIL-8, a marker of male genital tract inflammation), biochemical evaluation, urine/seminal cultures, scrotal/transrectal CDU. PLS was detected in 39 (9.8%) subjects. After adjusting for age, waist and total testosterone (TT), no association among NIH-CPSI (total or subdomain) scores or PLS and sperm parameters was observed. However, we found a positive association with current positive urine and/or seminal cultures, sIL-8 levels and CDU features suggestive of inflammation of the epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, but not of the testis. The aforementioned significant associations of PLS were further confirmed by comparing PLS patients with age-, waist- and TT-matched PLS-free patients (1 : 3 ratio). In conclusion, NIH-CPSI scores and PLS evaluated in males of infertile couples, are not related to sperm parameters, but mainly to clinical and CDU signs of infection/inflammation.
Andrology.Andrology.2014 Jan;2(1):30-41. doi: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00156.x. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
'Prostatitis-like symptoms' (PLS) are a cluster of bothersome conditions defined as 'perineal and/or ejaculatory pain or discomfort and National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) pain subdomain score ≥4' (Nickel's criteria). PLS may originate from the prostate or fr
PMID 24288243

Japanese Journal

位置合わせに基づくトラッキングを用いた前立腺局所治療のためのバイプレーン経直腸超音波ガイド下穿刺支援システム : 臨床適用に向けての実験的検討

福田紀生,中本将彦,岡田俊之,浮村理,GILL I. S.,富山憲幸,佐藤嘉伸
Journal of Japan Society of Computer Aided Surgery : J.JSCAS 14(3), 238-239, 2012-10-05
NAID 10031120316

前立腺癌針生検病理組織結果の予測におけるMRIおよび拡散強調像ADC値の有用性

影林頼明,中井靖,松本吉弘 [他],三馬省二,宮坂俊輝,中川裕之
泌尿器科紀要 58(8), 405-408, 2012-08-00
… Thirty patients with histologically proven prostate cancer whose prostate specific antigen values were under 20 ng/ml received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 T before transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic transrectal 10-core needle biopsy. …
NAID 40019387898

Preovulatory Follicular and Subsequent Luteal Size Influence Pregnancy Success in Water Buffaloes

RAHMAN Md Saidur,SHOHAG Abu Said,KAMAL Md Mostofa [他],BARI Farida Yeasmin,SHAMSUDDIN Mohammed
The Journal of reproduction and development 58(2), 219-222, 2012-04-01
… Transrectal ultrasonography was carried out at estrus and on days 5, 9, 12 and 16 post ovulation to determine the POF and successive CL size. … Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound examination on day 40-45 post ovulation. …
NAID 10030753879