WordNet
- (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA
- a sound or television recording (e.g., from a broadcast to a tape recording)
- something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation (同)written text
- (biology) any agency bringing about activation; a molecule that increases the activity of an enzyme or a protein that increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/09/20 01:55:48」(JST)
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A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases gene transcription of a gene or set of genes. Most activators are DNA-binding proteins that bind to enhancers or promoter-proximal elements.
Most activators function by binding sequence-specifically to a DNA site located in or near a promoter and making protein–protein interactions with the general transcription machinery (RNA polymerase and general transcription factors), thereby facilitating the binding of the general transcription machinery to the promoter. The DNA site bound by the activator is referred to as an "activator site." The part of the activator that makes protein–protein interactions with the general transcription machinery is referred to as an "activating region." The part of the general transcription machinery that makes protein–protein interactions with the activator is referred to as an "activation target."
Example
The catabolite activator protein (CAP; also known as cAMP receptor protein, CRP) activates transcription at the lac operon of the bacterium Escherichia coli.[1] Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is produced during glucose starvation, binds to CAP, causes a conformational change that allows CAP to bind to a DNA site located adjacent to the lac promoter. CAP then makes a direct protein–protein interaction with RNA polymerase that recruits RNA polymerase to the lac promoter.
See also
- Glossary of gene expression terms
- Operon
- Promoter (biology)
- Regulation of gene expression
- Repressor
- Transcription factor
References
- ^ Busby S., Ebright RH. (2001). "Transcription activation by catabolite activator protein (CAP)". J. Mol. Biol. 293: 199–213. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3161. PMID 10550204.
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