tramp

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. travel on foot, especially on a walking expedition; "We went tramping about the state of Colorado"
2. a disreputable vagrant; "a homeless tramp"; "he tried to help the really down-and-out bums" (同)hobo, bum
3. a heavy footfall; "the tramp of military boots"
4. cross on foot; "We had to tramp the creeks"
5. injure by trampling or as if by trampling; "The passerby was trampled by an elephant"
6. the sound of heavy treading or stomping; "he heard the trample of many feet" (同)trampling
7. gymnastic apparatus consisting of a strong canvas sheet attached with springs to a metal frame; used for tumbling
8. walk on and flatten; "tramp down the grass"; "trample the flowers" (同)trample, tread down
9. a commercial steamer for hire; one having no regular schedule (同)tramp
10. someone who injures by trampling
11. travel by tram

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《様態・場所などを表す副詞[句]を伴って》『ドシンドシンと歩く』 / (…を)踏みつける,踏みつぶす《+on(upon)+名》 / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》足を踏みしめて歩く / 《副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'踏みつける / …‘を'踏みしめて歩く / 〈U〉《the ~,時にa ~》『重い(ドシンドシンという)足音』 / 〈C〉長い徒歩旅行 / 〈C〉浮浪者,ルンペン / (また tramp steamer)〈C〉不定期貨物船 / 〈C〉ふしだらな女
2. …‘を'『踏みつける』,踏みつぶす《+down+名,+名+down》 / (…を)『踏みつける』,踏みにじる《+on(upon,over)+名》 / 踏みつけること,踏みつける音
3. トランポリン(弾力性のあるズックを張り,その上で跳躍やアクロバットをする台)
4. 《英》(また tramcar)=streetcar / 〈C〉(鉱山用の)四輪運搬車,トロッコ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/09 12:06:35」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

This article is about vagrants. For other uses, see Tramp (disambiguation).

A romanticized tramp depicted in an 1899 U.S. poster

A tramp is a long-term homeless person who travels from place to place as a vagrant, traditionally walking all year round. The word tramp became a common way to refer to such people in 19th-century Britain and America.

Etymology

Tramp is derived from the Middle English as a verb meaning to "walk with heavy footsteps" (cf. modern English trample) and to go hiking.

In Britain the term was widely used to refer to vagrants in the early Victorian period. The social reporter Henry Mayhew refers to it in his writings of the 1840s and 50s. By 1850 the word was well established. In that year Mayhew described "the different kinds of vagrants or tramps" to be found in Britain, along with the "different trampers' houses in London or the country". He distinguished several types of tramps, ranging from young people fleeing from abusive families, through to people who made their living as wandering beggars and prostitutes.

In the United States, the word became frequently used during the American Civil War, to describe the widely shared experience of undertaking long marches, often with heavy packs. Use of the word as a noun is thought to have begun shortly after the war. A few veterans had developed a liking for the "call of the road", others may have been too traumatised by war time experience to return to settled life.

History

Main article: Vagrancy (people)

"A Tramp's Nest in Ludlow Street", How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York (1890), by Jacob Riis

Wanderers have existed since ancient times. The modern concept of the "tramp" emerges with the expansion of industrial towns in the early nineteenth century, with the consequent increase in migrant labor and pressure on housing. The common lodging house or "doss house" developed to accommodate transients. Urbanisation also led to an increase in forms of highly marginalized casual labor. Mahew identifies the problem of "tramping" as a particular product of the economic crisis of the 1840s known as the Hungry Forties). John Burnett argues that in earlier periods of economic stability "tramping" involved a wandering existence, moving from job to job which was a cheap way of experiencing adventures beyond the "boredom and bondage of village life".

The number of transient homeless people increased markedly in the U.S. after the industrial recession of the early 1870s. Initially, the term "tramp" had a broad meaning, and was often used to refer to migrant workers who were looking for permanent work and lodgings. Later the term acquired a narrower meaning, to refer only to those who prefer the transient way of life. Writing in 1877 Allan Pinkerton said:

"The tramp has always existed in some form or other, and he will continue on his wanderings until the end of time; but there is no question that he has come into public notice, particularly in America, to a greater extent during the present decade than ever before."

Author Bart Kennedy, a self-described tramp of 1900 America, once said "I listen to the tramp, tramp of my feet, and wonder where I was going, and why I was going." John Sutherland (1989) said that Kennedy "is one of the early advocates of 'tramping', as the source of literary inspiration."

The tramp became a character trope in vaudeville performance in the late 19th century in the United States. Lew Bloom claimed he was "the first stage tramp in the business".

While tramps may do odd jobs from time to time, unlike other temporarily homeless people they do not seek out regular work and support themselves by other means such as begging or scavenging (see Waste picker). This is in contrast to:

• bum, a stationary homeless person who does not work, and who begs for a living in one place.
• hobo, a homeless person who travels from place to place looking for work, often by "freighthopping" (illegally catching rides on freight trains)
• Schnorrer, a Yiddish term for a person who travels from city to city begging.

Both terms, "tramp" and "hobo" (and the distinction between them), were in common use between the 1880s and the 1940s. Their populations and the usage of the terms increased during the Great Depression. Like "hobo" and "bum," the word "tramp" is considered vulgar in American English usage, having been subsumed in more polite contexts by words such as "homeless person" or "vagrant." At one time, tramps were known euphemistically in England and Wales as "gentlemen of the road."

Tramp as promiscuous woman

Perhaps because female tramps were often regarded as prostitutes, the term tramp came to be used to refer to a promiscuous woman. Initially this was a distinctively American usage. According to Kate Burridge, the term shifted towards this meaning in the 1920s, having previously predominantly referred to men, it followed the path of other similar gender neutral words (such as "slag") to having specific reference to female sexual laxity.

The word is also used, with ambiguous irony, in the classic 1937 Rodgers and Hart song The Lady is a Tramp, which is about a wealthy member of New York high society who chooses a vagabond life in "hobohemia". Other songs with implicit or explicit reference to this usage include Son of Hickory Holler's Tramp and Gypsies, Tramps & Thieves. The use of the word with the explicitly sexual meaning is especially common in hip hop culture.

See also

• Backpacking (travel)
• Charles Chaplin's most famous comic invention The Tramp
• W. H. Davies, tramp and later author of The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp in the UK
• Down and out in Paris and London, depicting George Orwell's experiences as a tramp in London
• Swagman
• Vagabond (person)

References

External links

• BBC Wales feature on tramps as gentlemen of the road from 1964
• Tramp's signs, symbols and slang
• "Waiting for a Train" Excerpt from Douglas Harper's Good Company: A Tramp Life (2006) [1986] ISBN 978-1-59451-184-4
• In Strange Company, by James Greenwood, 1874 - A Tramp to the Derby
• In Search of the American Hobo at virginia.edu

English Journal

• Tumortropic monocyte-mediated delivery of echogenic polymer bubbles and therapeutic vesicles for chemotherapy of tumor hypoxia.

• Huang WC1, Chiang WH1, Cheng YH1, Lin WC1, Yu CF1, Yen CY1, Yeh CK1, Chern CS2, Chiang CS3, Chiu HC4.
• Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2015 Dec;71:71-83. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.033. Epub 2015 Aug 19.
• Overcoming limitations often experienced in nanomedicine delivery toward hypoxia regions of malignant tumors remains a great challenge. In this study, a promising modality for active hypoxia drug delivery was developed by adopting tumortropic monocytes/macrophages as a cellular vehicle for co-delive
• PMID 26318818

• Reactive stroma in the prostate during late life: The role of microvasculature and antiangiogenic therapy influences.

• Montico F1, Kido LA1, San Martin R2, Rowley DR2, Cagnon VH1.
• The Prostate.Prostate.2015 Oct;75(14):1643-61. doi: 10.1002/pros.23045. Epub 2015 Jul 17.
• BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is associated to a reactive stroma microenvironment characterized by angiogenic processes that are favorable for tumor progression. Senescence has been identified as a predisposing factor for prostate malignancies. In turn, the relationships between aging, reactive stroma
• PMID 26184673

• Inhibition of Gli/hedgehog signaling in prostate cancer cells by "cancer bush" Sutherlandia frutescens extract.

• Lin H1,2,3, Jackson GA3,4,5, Lu Y2,3, Drenkhahn SK2,3, Brownstein KJ2,3,6, Starkey NJ2,3, Lamberson WR3,7, Fritsche KL3,7, Mossine VV2,3, Besch-Williford CL3,4, Folk WR2,3, Zhang Y1, Lubahn DB2,3.
• Cell biology international.Cell Biol Int.2015 Sep 17. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10544. [Epub ahead of print]
• Sutherlandia frutescens is a medicinal plant, traditionally used to treat various types of human diseases, including cancer. Previous studies of several botanicals link suppression of prostate cancer growth with inhibition of the Gli/hedgehog (Gli/Hh) signaling pathway. Here we hypothesized the anti
• PMID 26377232

• 3D Porous Chitosan-Alginate Scaffolds as an In Vitro Model for Evaluating Nanoparticle-Mediated Tumor Targeting and Gene Delivery to Prostate Cancer.

• Wang K1, Kievit FM1, Florczyk SJ1, Stephen ZR1, Zhang M1.
• Biomacromolecules.Biomacromolecules.2015 Sep 16. [Epub ahead of print]
• Cationic nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted gene delivery are conventionally evaluated using 2D in vitro cultures. However, this does not translate well to corresponding in vivo studies because of the marked difference in NP behavior in the presence of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we inv
• PMID 26347946

Japanese Journal

• Effect of Process Parameters on Purification of Aluminium Alloys by Backward Extrusion Process under a Semisolid Condition

• MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 57(3), 404-409, 2016
• NAID 130005127322

• Effect of Process Parameters on Purification of Aluminium Alloys by Backward Extrusion Process under a Semisolid Condition

• MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS advpub(0), 2016
• NAID 130005124591

• 半溶融プロセスによるアルミスクラップの純化

• 生産研究 67(6), 625-629, 2015
• NAID 130005110070

• Ag相を介した炭素飽和溶鉄中Cuの硫化除去

• 鉄と鋼 101(12), 636-644, 2015
• NAID 130005109727

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