WordNet

strike (the top part of a ball in golf, baseball, or pool) giving it a forward spin
the first half of an inning; while the visiting team is at bat; "a relief pitcher took over in the top of the fifth" (同)top of the inning
covering for a hole (especially a hole in the top of a container); "he removed the top of the carton"; "he couldnt get the top off of the bottle"; "put the cover back on the kettle" (同)cover
a conical childs plaything tapering to a steel point on which it can be made to spin; "he got a bright red top and string for his birthday" (同)whirligig, teetotum, spinning top
a garment (especially for women) that extends from the shoulders to the waist or hips; "he stared as she buttoned her top"
platform surrounding the head of a lower mast
the greatest possible intensity; "he screamed at the top of his lungs"
the highest or uppermost side of anything; "put your books on top of the desk"; "only the top side of the box was painted" (同)top side, upper side, upside
the upper part of anything; "the mower cuts off the tops of the grass"; "the title should be written at the top of the first page"
cut the top off; "top trees and bushes" (同)pinch
finish up or conclude; "They topped off their dinner with a cognac"; "top the evening with champagne" (同)top_off
provide with a top or finish the top (of a structure); "the towers were topped with conical roofs" (同)top_out
be at the top of or constitute the top or highest point; "A star tops the Christmas Tree"
reach or ascend the top of; "The hikers topped the mountain just before noon"
situated at the top or highest position; "the top shelf"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉《the ~》(…の)『いちばん上の部分』,最先端,頂上 / 〈C〉《the ~》(…の)『最上面』,表面《+of+名》 / 《the ~》(…の)『最高位』,『首位』;上座《+of+名》 / 《the ~》(…の)『最高の程度』,頂点《+of+名》 / 〈C〉《the ~》(びんなどの)ふた,栓;(車の)屋根[カバー],ほろ《+of+名》 / 〈C〉《複数形で》(根菜の)葉の部分《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(上下の服の)上 / 《通例名詞の前にのみ用いて》 / 『最も高い』,いちばんの / 『最上位の』,第一位(一級)の / 最高程度の / …‘に'『おおい(ふた)を付ける』 / …の頂上にある,頂上をおおう / …‘の'頂上に達する,‘を'登りきる / …‘を'しのぐ,‘に'まさる / 〈野菜・果実など〉‘の'葉の部分を切る(刈り力む) / (ゴルフで)〈球〉‘の'上をたたく
こま
《方向》(1)(到着の意を含めて)…『へ』,に,まで / 《状況の変化》…[のほう]へ;…に[なるまで],その結果…になる / 《適用範囲》(1)《動詞に伴って》『…に対して』,に,へ / (2)《形容詞[句]・[代]名倍に伴って》『…に対して』 / 《程度・範囲》『…[に至る]まで』 / 《時間の終り》『…まで』(till) / 《to one's+『名』の形で》(…が)『…したことに[は]』 / 《比較・対比・割合》『…と比べて』,より,に対して / 《一致・適合》『…に合わせて』,に合って,に応じて / 《目的・意図》『…のために』 / 《運命・境遇》『…に』 / 《所属・関係》『…へ』,に[対して] / 《付加・付着・固執》『…に』 / 《対立・対向》…に[対して] / いつもの状態(位置)に / 停止(閉鎖)の状態に / 活動状態に(へ),仕事に
《名詞的用法》『…すること』 / 《形容詞的用法》『…するための,すべき』 / 《副詞的用法》『…するために』,して,するとは,すれば / 《独立用法》 / 《文全体を修飾する慣用語句》…すれば,してみると,…だが / 短縮文
《補語にのみ用いて》《米話》最上の,最高の
発酵[作用] / 動揺,騒ぎ

UpToDate Contents

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1. 後方循環系の脳血管症候群 posterior circulation cerebrovascular syndromes
2. 成人における軽症～中等症クローン病の内科的マネージメントの概要 overview of the medical management of mild to moderate crohn disease in adults
3. 放射線療法の胃腸毒性 gastrointestinal toxicity of radiation therapy
4. 開腹下胆嚢摘出術 open cholecystectomy
5. 小児および思春期におけるクローン病マネージメントの概要 overview of the management of crohn disease in children and adolescents

English Journal

Enhanced phenylpyruvic acid production with Proteus vulgaris in fed-batch and continuous fermentation.

Coban HB1, Demirci A1,2, Patterson PH3, Elias RJ4.
Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology.Prep Biochem Biotechnol.2016 Feb 17;46(2):157-60. doi: 10.1080/10826068.2014.995813.
Phenylpyruvic acid is a deaminated form of phenylalanine and is used in various areas such as development of cheese and wine flavors, diagnosis of phenylketonuria, and to decrease excessive nitrogen accumulation in the manure of farm animals. However, reported phenylpyruvic acid fermentation studies
PMID 25569523

Characterization and application of lactic acid bacteria for tropical silage preparation.

Pholsen S1, Khota W1, Pang H2, Higgs D3, Cai Y4,5.
Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho.Anim Sci J.2016 Jan 21. doi: 10.1111/asj.12534. [Epub ahead of print]
Strains TH 14, TH 21 and TH 64 were isolated from tropical silages, namely corn stover, sugar cane top and rice straw, respectively, prepared in Thailand. These strains were selected by low pH growth range and high lactic acid-producing ability, similar to some commercial inoculants. Based on the an
PMID 26799939

Semi-aerobic fermentation as a novel pre-treatment to obtain VFA and increase methane yield from primary sludge.

Peces M1, Astals S2, Clarke WP1, Jensen PD3.
Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2016 Jan;200:631-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.085. Epub 2015 Oct 29.
There is a growing trend to consider organic wastes as potential sources of renewable energy and value-add products. Fermentation products have emerged as attractive value-add option due to relative easy production and broad application range. However, pre-fermentation and extraction of soluble prod
PMID 26551651

Japanese Journal

Extraction of 2,3-Butanediol with Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Formed by Water-Miscible Organic Solvents and Inorganic Salts

Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan 21(2), 181-190, 2014
NAID 130004669676

Multi-locus genotyping of bottom fermenting yeasts by single nucleotide polymorphisms indicative of brewing characteristics(BREWING AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY)