WordNet
- place something or someone in a certain position in order to secretly observe or deceive; "Plant a spy in Moscow"; "plant bugs in the dissidents apartment"
- (botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion (同)flora, plant life
- buildings for carrying on industrial labor; "they built a large plant to manufacture automobiles" (同)works, industrial plant
- an actor situated in the audience whose acting is rehearsed but seems spontaneous to the audience
- something planted secretly for discovery by another; "the police used a plant to trick the thieves"; "he claimed that the evidence against him was a plant"
- put firmly in the mind; "Plant a thought in the students minds" (同)implant
- put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground; "Lets plant flowers in the garden" (同)set
- place into a river; "plant fish"
- relating to or being the keynote of a major or minor scale; "tonic harmony"
- a medicine that strengthens and invigorates (同)restorative
- (music) the first note of a diatonic scale (同)keynote
- lime- or lemon-flavored carbonated water containing quinine (同)tonic_water, quinine water
- used of syllables; "a tonic syllables carries the main stress in a word" (同)accented
- employing variations in pitch to distinguish meanings of otherwise similar words; "Chinese is a tonal language" (同)tonal
- of or relating to or producing normal tone or tonus in muscles or tissue; "a tonic reflex"; "tonic muscle contraction"
- an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
- relating to or occurring on the undersurface of the foot; "plantar warts can be very painful"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (動物に対して)『植物』,草木・(樹木に対して)『草』,草本(そうほん)( 木部があまり発達せず地上部が一年で枯れる植物)・苗,苗木・生産設備,工場,プラント設備,装置・《俗》(人をおとしいれる)わな,おとり / 〈苗など〉‘を'『植える』,〈種〉‘を'まく・(植物を) ‘に'植える《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…に)〈思想など〉‘を'植えつける《+『名』+『in』+『名』》・《場所の副詞[句]を伴って》(ある場所)…‘を'しっかりと置く(すえる,立てる) / ・〈工場・生産設備など〉‘を'建設する・《俗》〈スパイ〉‘を'送りこむ,〈わな〉‘を'仕掛ける・(嫌疑がかかるように)こっそり置く
- 強壮剤;養毛剤,ヘアトニック / (精神的に)元気付けるもの / =tonic water / 主音(音階の中心となる第1音) / 強壮にする,元気付ける / 音調の / (音楽で)主音の
- 反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の
- 足の裏の,足底の
- (重量単位の)『トン』 / (容積単位の)トン(物によって異なり,木材では40立方フィート,小麦では20立方フィート) / 《話》大量(の…),多数(の…)《+of+名》
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Experimental Evidence of the Tonic Vibration Reflex during Whole-Body Vibration of the Loaded and Unloaded Leg.
- Zaidell LN1, Mileva KN1, Sumners DP1, Bowtell JL2.Author information 1Sport and Exercise Science, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom.2Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom.AbstractIncreased muscle activation during whole-body vibration (WBV) is mainly ascribed to a complex spinal and supraspinal neurophysiological mechanism termed the tonic vibration reflex (TVR). However, TVR has not been experimentally demonstrated during low-frequency WBV, therefore this investigation aimed to determine the expression of TVR during WBV. Whilst seated, eight healthy males were exposed to either vertical WBV applied to the leg via the plantar-surface of the foot, or Achilles tendon vibration (ATV) at 25Hz and 50Hzfor 70s. Ankle plantar-flexion force, tri-axial accelerations at the shank and vibration source, and surface EMG activity of m. soleus (SOL) and m. tibialis anterior (TA) were recorded from the unloaded and passively loaded leg to simulate body mass supported during standing. Plantar flexion force was similarly augmented by WBV and ATV and increased over time in a load- and frequency dependent fashion. SOL and TA EMG amplitudes increased over time in all conditions independently of vibration mode. 50Hz WBV and ATV resulted in greater muscle activation than 25Hz in SOL when the shank was loaded and in TA when the shank was unloaded despite the greater transmission of vertical acceleration from source to shank with 25Hz and WBV, especially during loading. Low-amplitude WBV of the unloaded and passively loaded leg produced slow tonic muscle contraction and plantar-flexion force increase of similar magnitudes to those induced by Achilles tendon vibration at the same frequencies. This study provides the first experimental evidence supporting the TVR as a plausible mechanism underlying the neuromuscular response to whole-body vibration.
- PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Dec 30;8(12):e85247. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085247.
- Increased muscle activation during whole-body vibration (WBV) is mainly ascribed to a complex spinal and supraspinal neurophysiological mechanism termed the tonic vibration reflex (TVR). However, TVR has not been experimentally demonstrated during low-frequency WBV, therefore this investigation aime
- PMID 24386466
- Simultaneous characterizations of reflex and nonreflex dynamic and static changes in spastic hemiparesis.
- Zhang LQ, Chung SG, Ren Y, Liu L, Roth EJ, Rymer WZ.Author information Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. l-zhang@northwestern.eduAbstractThis study characterizes tonic and phasic stretch reflex and stiffness and viscosity changes associated with spastic hemiparesis. Perturbations were applied to the ankle of 27 hemiparetic and 36 healthy subjects under relaxed or active contracting conditions. A nonlinear delay differential equation model characterized phasic and tonic stretch reflex gains, elastic stiffness, and viscous damping. Tendon reflex was characterized with reflex gain and threshold. Reflexively, tonic reflex gain was increased in spastic ankles at rest (P < 0.038) and was not regulated with muscle contraction, indicating impaired tonic stretch reflex. Phasic-reflex gain in spastic plantar flexors was higher and increased faster with plantar flexor contraction (P < 0.012) than controls (P < 0.023) and higher in dorsi-flexors at lower torques (P < 0.038), primarily because of its increase at rest (P = 0.045), indicating exaggerated phasic stretch reflex especially in more spastic plantar flexors, which showed higher phasic stretch reflex gain than dorsi-flexors (P < 0.032). Spasticity was associated with increased tendon reflex gain (P = 0.002) and decreased threshold (P < 0.001). Mechanically, stiffness in spastic ankles was higher than that in controls across plantar flexion/dorsi-flexion torque levels (P < 0.032), and the more spastic plantar flexors were stiffer than dorsi-flexors at comparable torques (P < 0.031). Increased stiffness in spastic ankles was mainly due to passive stiffness increase (P < 0.001), indicating increased connective tissues/shortened fascicles. Viscous damping in spastic ankles was increased across the plantar flexion torque levels and at lower dorsi-flexion torques, reflecting increased passive viscous damping (P = 0.033). The more spastic plantar flexors showed higher viscous damping than dorsi-flexors at comparable torque levels (P < 0.047). Simultaneous characterizations of reflex and nonreflex changes in spastic hemiparesis may help to evaluate and treat them more effectively.
- Journal of neurophysiology.J Neurophysiol.2013 Jul;110(2):418-30. doi: 10.1152/jn.00573.2012. Epub 2013 May 1.
- This study characterizes tonic and phasic stretch reflex and stiffness and viscosity changes associated with spastic hemiparesis. Perturbations were applied to the ankle of 27 hemiparetic and 36 healthy subjects under relaxed or active contracting conditions. A nonlinear delay differential equation
- PMID 23636726
Japanese Journal
- 症例報告 振動刺激が強制把握と緊張性足底反射へ効果を示した脳卒中の2症例
- 振動刺激が拮抗筋の運動ニューロン興奮性に与える影響 : 振動周波数による比較
- 岩月 宏泰,室賀 辰夫,木山 喬博,金井 章,石川 敬,篠田 規公雄
- 理学療法学 18(1), 41-44, 1991-01-10
- 骨格筋を強制振動すると緊張性振動反射(TVR)により拮抗筋の筋活動が低下する。そこで健常者を対象として, TVR用の加振器を用いて5種類の周波数(40, 60, 80, 100, 120Hz)で振動した際と停止後の拮抗筋の運動ニューロンの興奮性(H反射)を経時的にとらえ, 振動周波数の変動による拮抗筋の筋緊張抑制の影響について検討した。結果:(1)H反射振幅の抑制は振動周波数により振動開始5秒後で …
- NAID 110004006496
Related Links
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- THE TONIC PLANTAR REFLEX. AND ITS LOCALIZING SIGNIFICANCE. EUFEMIUS HERMAN *. The different use of criteria for designating deep and superficial. reflex activity seems to be one of the commonest sources of error in the ...
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- 関
- analeptic、ankylosing、ankylosis、ankylotic、catatonic、continuous、continuously、insurmountable、long-lasting、permanent、persistent、persistently、persisting、repository、rigidity、sustained、tetanic、tetanize、tetany、tonically
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- phyto
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- reflect、reflection、reflective
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- plantaris、sole
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- in planta