| Tinea cruris |
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Tinea cruris on the groin
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| Classification and external resources |
| ICD-10 |
B35.6 |
| ICD-9 |
110.3 |
| DiseasesDB |
29140 |
| MedlinePlus |
000876 |
| eMedicine |
derm/471 |
Tinea cruris, also known as crotch itch, crotch rot, Dhobie itch, eczema marginatum,[1] gym itch,[1] jock itch, jock rot, scrot rot and ringworm of the groin[1][2]:303 is a dermatophyte fungal infection of the groin region in any sex,[3] though more often seen in males. In the German sprachraum this condition is called tinea inguinalis (from Latin inguen = groin) whereas tinea cruris is used for a dermatophytosis of the lower leg (Latin crus).[4]
Tinea cruris is similar to, but different from Candidal intertrigo, which is an infection of the skin by Candida albicans. It is more specifically located between intertriginous folds of adjacent skin, which can be present in the groin or scrotum, and be indistinguishable from fungal infections caused by tinia. However, candidal infections tend to both appear and disappear with treatment more quickly.[2]:309 It may also affect the scrotum.
Contents
- 1 Signs and symptoms
- 2 Causes
- 3 Prevention
- 4 Treatment
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Signs and symptoms
As the common name for this condition implies, it causes itching or a burning sensation in the groin area, thigh skin folds, or anus. It may involve the inner thighs and genital areas, as well as extending back to the perineum and perianal areas.
Affected areas may appear red, tan, or brown, with flaking, rippling, peeling, or cracking skin.[5]
The acute infection begins with an area in the groin fold about a half-inch across, usually on both sides. The area may enlarge, and other sores may develop. The rash has sharply defined borders that may blister and ooze.[6]
Causes
Macroconidia from the
Epidermophyton floccosum
Opportunistic infections (infections that are caused by a diminished immune system) are frequent. Fungus from an athlete's foot infection can spread to the groin through clothing. Tight, restrictive clothing, such as jockstraps, traps heat and moisture, providing an ideal environment for the fungus.[7]
The type of fungus involved is usually Trichophyton rubrum. Some other contributing fungi are Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton floccosum.
Prevention
Medical professionals suggest keeping the groin area clean and dry by drying off thoroughly after bathing and putting on dry clothing right away after swimming or perspiring.
Other recommendations are: not sharing clothing or towels with others, showering immediately after athletic activities, wearing loose cotton underwear, avoiding tight-fitting clothes, and using antifungal powders.[8][9]
Treatment
Tinea cruris is best treated with topical antifungal medications of the allylamine or azole type.[10] The evidence is best for terbinafine and naftifine but other agents may also work.[11]
The benefits of the use of topical steroids in addition to an antifungal is unclear.[11] There might be a greater cure rate but no guidelines currently recommend its addition.[11] The effect of Whitfield's ointment is also unclear.[11]
References
- ^ a b c Rapini, R. P.; Bolognia, J. L.; Jorizzo, J. L. (2007). Dermatology. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
- ^ a b James, W. D.; Berger, T. G. et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ "Tinea Cruris in Men: Bothersome but Treatable". U.S. Pharmacist 30 (8): 13–17. 2005.
- ^ Altmeyer, P.; Bacharach-Buhles, M. (2002). Enzyklopädie Dermatologie, Allergologie, Umweltmedizin. Springer. p. 1580. ISBN 978-3-540-41361-5.
- ^ "Jock itch". NYU Langone Medical Center.
- ^ "Jock itch". MedlinePlus. NLM / NIH.
- ^ "Causes of Jock Itch". Retrieved 2013-01-06.
- ^ "Jock itch". Crutchfield Dermatology.
- ^ "Jock Itch Causes, Symptoms and Treatment". Everydayhealth. Harvard Health Publications.
- ^ Nadalo, D.; Montoya, C.; Hunter-Smith, D. (2006). "What is the best way to treat tinea cruris?". The Journal of Family Practice 55 (3): 256–258. PMID 16510062.
- ^ a b c d El-Gohary, M; van Zuuren, EJ; Fedorowicz, Z; Burgess, H; Doney, L; Stuart, B; Moore, M; Little, P (Aug 4, 2014). "Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 8: CD009992. PMID 25090020.
External links
- eMedicineHealth.com
- MayoClinic.com, jock itch.
- Jock Itch / Tinea Cruris Pictures (Hardin MD Super Site Samples)
- Genekeyes.com, how to Prevent Jock Itch with Rubbing Alcohol.
- PrimeHealthChannel.com, Jock Itch Pictures, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
- Infectious diseases
- Mycoses and Mesomycetozoea (B35–B49, 110–118)
|
|
Superficial and
cutaneous
(dermatomycosis):
Tinea = skin;
Piedra (exothrix/
endothrix) = hair |
| Ascomycota |
Dermatophyte
(Dermatophytosis) |
| By location |
- Tinea barbae/tinea capitis
- Tinea corporis
- Tinea cruris
- Tinea manuum
- Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
- Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
- White superficial onychomycosis
- Distal subungual onychomycosis
- Proximal subungual onychomycosis
- Tinea corporis gladiatorum
- Tinea faciei
- Tinea imbricata
- Tinea incognito
- Favus
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| By organism |
- Epidermophyton floccosum
- Microsporum canis
- Microsporum audouinii
- Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
- Trichophyton tonsurans
- Trichophyton schoenleini
- Trichophyton rubrum
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| Other |
- Hortaea werneckii
- Piedraia hortae
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| Basidiomycota |
- Malassezia furfur
- Tinea versicolor
- Pityrosporum folliculitis
- Trichosporon
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Subcutaneous,
systemic,
and opportunistic |
| Ascomycota |
Dimorphic
(yeast+mold) |
| Onygenales |
- Coccidioides immitis/Coccidioides posadasii
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
- Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis. Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Histoplasmosis
- Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
- Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
- Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
- Histoplasma duboisii
- Lacazia loboi
- Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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| Other |
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Blastomycosis
- North American blastomycosis
- South American blastomycosis
- Sporothrix schenckii
- Penicillium marneffei
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| Yeast-like |
- Candida albicans
- Candidiasis
- Oral
- Esophageal
- Vulvovaginal
- Chronic mucocutaneous
- Antibiotic candidiasis
- Candidal intertrigo
- Candidal onychomycosis
- Candidal paronychia
- Candidid
- Diaper candidiasis
- Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
- Perianal candidiasis
- Systemic candidiasis
- Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
- C. glabrata
- C. tropicalis
- C. lusitaniae
- Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Pneumocystosis
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
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| Mold-like |
- Aspergillus
- Aspergillosis
- Aspergilloma
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
- Exophiala jeanselmei
- Fonsecaea pedrosoi/Fonsecaea compacta/Phialophora verrucosa
- Geotrichum candidum
- Pseudallescheria boydii
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| Basidiomycota |
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Cryptococcosis
- Trichosporon spp
- Trichosporonosis
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Zygomycota
(Zygomycosis) |
Mucorales
(Mucormycosis) |
- Rhizopus oryzae
- Mucor indicus
- Lichtheimia corymbifera
- Syncephalastrum racemosum
- Apophysomyces variabilis
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Entomophthorales
(Entomophthoramycosis) |
- Basidiobolus ranarum
- Conidiobolus coronatus/Conidiobolus incongruus
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Microsporidia
(Microsporidiosis) |
- Enterocytozoon bieneusi/Encephalitozoon intestinalis
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| Mesomycetozoea |
|
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| Ungrouped |
- Alternariosis
- Fungal folliculitis
- Fusarium
- Granuloma gluteale infantum
- Hyalohyphomycosis
- Otomycosis
- Phaeohyphomycosis
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| Description |
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| Disease |
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| Treatment |
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