tincture

チンキ 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. a substances that colors metals
2. stain or tint with a color; "The leaves were tinctured with a bright red"
3. (pharmacology) a medicine consisting of an extract in an alcohol solution
4. a tincture consisting of a solution of iodine in ethyl alcohol; applied topically to wounds as an antiseptic (同)iodine

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1. チンキ(薬をアルコールに溶いたもの) / {U}《しばしばa~》(…)気味,(…な)ところ《+of+名》(trace) / 色;色合い / …‘を'着色する,染める / …‘に'味をつける,風味を与える

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/07 22:20:09」(JST)

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This article is about alcoholic liquids. For the colors used in a coat of arms, see tincture (heraldry).

A tincture prepared from white willow bark and ethanol

A tincture is typically an alcoholic extract of plant or animal material or solution of such or of a low volatility substance (such as iodine and mercurochrome). To qualify as an alcoholic tincture, the extract should have an ethanol percentage of at least 25–60% (50–120 US proof). Sometimes an alcohol concentration as high as 90% (180 US proof) is used in such a tincture. In herbal medicine, alcoholic tinctures are made with various ethanol concentrations, 25% being the most common.

Herbal tinctures are not always made using ethanol as the solvent, though this is most commonly the case. Other solvents include vinegar, glycerol, diethyl ether and propylene glycol, not all of which can be used for internal consumption. Ethanol has the advantage of being an excellent solvent for both acidic and basic (alkaline) constituents.
Glycerine can also be used, but when used in tincturing fashion is generally a poorer solvent. Vinegar, being acidic, is a better solvent for obtaining alkaloids but a poorer solvent for acidic components. For individuals who choose not to ingest alcohol, non-alcoholic e,g., (glycerite) extracts offer an alternative for preparations meant to be taken internally.

Some solutions of volatile or nonvolatile substances are traditionally called spirits, regardless of whether obtained by distillation or not and whether or not they even contain alcohol. In chemistry, a tincture is a solution that has alcohol as its solvent.

Method of preparation

• Herbs are put in a container and a spirit of 40% or more ethanol is added, for example, 80 proof vodka or 190 proof rectified spirit (such as Everclear).
• The jar is left to stand for 2–3 weeks and shaken occasionally in order to maximize extraction.

More accurate measuring can be done by combining 1 part herbs with a water-ethanol mixture of 2–10 parts, depending on the herb itself. For most tinctures, however, 1 part water to 5 parts ethanol is typical.

Examples

Some examples that were formerly common in medicine include:

• Tincture of Benzoin
• Tincture of cannabis
• Tincture of cantharides
• Tincture of Castoreum
• Tincture of ferric citrochloride, a chelate of citric acid and Iron(III) chloride
• Tincture of green soap, which classically contains lavender oil
• Tincture of guaiac gum
• Tincture of iodine
• Tincture of opium, (laudanum)
• Camphorated opium tincture (paregoric)
• Tincture of Pennyroyal
• Warburg's Tincture, ("Tinctura Antiperiodica" or "Antiperiodic Tincture", a 19th-century antipyretic)

Examples of spirits include:

• Spirit of ammonia (spirits of hartshorn)
• Spirit of camphor
• Spirit of ether, a solution of diethyl ether in alcohol
• "Spirit of Mindererus", ammonium acetate in alcohol
• "Spirit of nitre" is not a spirit in this sense, but an old name for nitric acid (but "sweet spirit of nitre" was ethyl nitrite)
• Similarly "spirit(s) of salt" actually meant hydrochloric acid. The concentrated, fuming, 35% acid is still sold under this name in the UK, for use as a drain-cleaning fluid.
• "Spirit of vinegar" is an antiquated term for glacial acetic acid
• "Spirit of vitriol" is an antiquated term for sulfuric acid
• "Spirit of wine" or "spirits of wine" is an old term for alcohol (especially food grade alcohol derived from the distillation of wine)
• "Spirit of wood" referred to methanol, often derived from the destructive distillation of wood

Advantages

Ethanol is able to dissolve substances which are less soluble in water, while at the same time the water content can dissolve the substances less soluble in ethanol. One can sometimes vary the proportion of ethanol and water to produce tinctures with different characteristics due to the distinct solvent properties of these two. Tincture of calendula is commonly tinctured at either 25% or 90% ethanol. The alcohol content also acts as a preservative.It is widely employed as solvent for extraction.

Disadvantages

Ethanol has a tendency to denature some organic compounds, rendering them so changed as to be ineffective. This is one reason why ethanol is an antimicrobial. This tendency can also have undesirable effects when extracting botanical constituents, for instance, polysaccharides. Certain other constituents, common among them proteins, can become irreversibly denatured, or "pickled" in a manner of speaking. Also, extracted for highly complex aromatic components are denatured by alcohol's intrinsic cleaving action upon an aromatic's complex structure into simpler inert-rendered compounds. A basic tenet of organic chemistry teaches that any time a biologically viable component is denatured, it will reduce or negate its prior biological viability. This fact must be considered by the clinician and/or consumer from both the standpoint of efficacy and dosage when choosing ethanol-based botanical tinctures.

Ether and propylene glycol based tinctures are not suitable for internal consumption, although they are used in preparations for external use, such as personal care cremes and ointments.

See also

• Nalewka - a traditional Polish category of alcoholic tincture.
• Infusion - a water or oil based extract with similar historical uses to a tincture.
• Elixir - A pharmaceutical preparation containing an active ingredient that is dissolved in a solution containing some percentage of ethyl alcohol.
• Extract
• Topical - categorization of topical skin preparation options

References

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Skin antiseptics in venous puncture site disinfection for preventing blood culture contamination: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

• Liu W1, Duan Y2, Cui W1, Li L1, Wang X1, Dai H1, You C1, Chen M3.
• International journal of nursing studies.Int J Nurs Stud.2016 Jul;59:156-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.04.004. Epub 2016 Apr 25.
• OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of several antiseptics in decreasing the blood culture contamination rate.DESIGN: Network meta-analysis.DATA SOURCE: Electronic searches of PubMed and Embase were conducted up to November 2015. Only randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials
• PMID 27222460

• Formulation and evaluation of novel glycyrrhizic acid micelles for transdermal delivery of podophyllotoxin.

• Wang Y1, Zhao B1, Wang S1, Liang Q1, Cai Y1, Yang F2, Li G1.
• Drug delivery.Drug Deliv.2016 Jun;23(5):1623-35. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1135489. Epub 2016 Jan 20.
• CONTEXT: As the first-line agent for genital warts, podophyllotoxin (POD) could induce extensively skin burning, itching, and erythema. Meanwhile, as a common anti-inflammatory agent, glycyrrhizic acid (GA), also has amphipathic and solubilizing properties, indicating that it might be a promising dr
• PMID 26786787

• CUSHING IN A LEAF: ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION FROM A NATURAL REMEDY.

• Martini C1, Zanchetta E1, Ruvo MD2, Nalesso A3, Battocchio M1, Gentilin E2, Degli Uberti E2, Vettor R1, Chiara Zatelli M2.
• The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2016 May 24:jc20161490. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: Information regarding the safety of herbal drugs is often not reported. We describe the case of a 65-year-old woman referred to us for a iatrogenic hypercortisolism, who denied any previous steroid consumption. She reported only a chronic application of a phytocosmetic cream, containing
• PMID 27218272

• Tagetes lucida Cav.: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of its tranquilizing properties.

• Pérez-Ortega G1, González-Trujano ME2, Ángeles-López GE3, Brindis F4, Vibrans H5, Reyes-Chilpa R6.
• Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2016 Apr 2;181:221-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.040. Epub 2016 Feb 9.
• ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Morelos State is one of the most important regions of Mexico where several plant species are used in traditional medicine to influence central nervous system (CNS) activity; for example Tagetes lucida Cav.AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the ethnobotany, phytochemistr
• PMID 26873624

Japanese Journal

• P-28 ヨードチンキを用いた浸漬試験による数種の貴金属合金の評価(金属材料,一般講演(ポスター発表),第65回日本歯科理工学会学術講演会)

• 日本歯科理工学会誌 34(2), 99, 2015-03-25
• NAID 110009923891

• 症例報告 喉頭浮腫による重篤な上気道狭窄症状を呈したヨウ素中毒の1例

• The Japanese journal of clinical toxicology 26(4), 305-309, 2013
• NAID 40019903792

• Differences between the chemical constituents of tincture and <I>Arishta</I>, an ayurvedic herbal liquor prepared from ginger, long pepper, and jujube

• Journal of Traditional Medicines 30(5), 206-214, 2013
• NAID 130004942437

• 和歌山県白浜町で72年ぶりに採取された稀少種アカダマクラゲ(有櫛動物門,カブトクラゲ目,アカダマクラゲ科)

• 日本生物地理学会会報 67, 219-222, 2012-12-20
• NAID 120005323866

Related Links

• Tincture | Define Tincture at Dictionary.com

Tincture definition, Pharmacology. a solution of alcohol or of alcohol and water, containing animal, vegetable, or chemical drugs. See more. Thesaurus Translate Puzzles & Games Reference Word of the Day Blog Slideshows ...

• Tincture | Definition of tincture by Merriam-Webster

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• tincture - definition of tincture by Medical dictionary

tincture /tinc·ture/ (tingk´chur) an alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution prepared from vegetable materials or chemical substances. iodine tincture a preparation of iodine and sodium iodide in diluted alcohol, used as a topical ...

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