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This article needs attention from an expert in psychology. The specific problem is: lacks structure and references. See the talk page for details. WikiProject Psychology (or its Portal) may be able to help recruit an expert. (August 2012) |
The socio-psychological concept of self-confidence relates to self-assuredness in one's personal judgment, ability, power, etc., sometimes manifested excessively.[1]
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Contents
- 1 Source of self-confidence
- 2 Factors affecting self-confidence
- 3 The Wheel of Wellness
- 4 Implicit vs. explicit self-confidence
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
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Source of self-confidence [edit]
Professor Raj Persaud posits that true self-confidence comes from an attitude where you:
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Promise yourself, no matter how difficult the problem life throws at you, that you will try as hard as you can to help yourself. You acknowledge that sometimes your efforts to help yourself may not result in success, as often being properly rewarded is not in your control.[2] |
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Factors affecting self-confidence [edit]
Self-esteem has been directly connected to an individual's social network, the activities they participate in, and what they hear about themselves from others. Positive self-esteem has been linked to factors such as psychological health, mattering to others, and both body image and physical health. On the contrary, low self-esteem has been associated with the outcomes of depression, health problems, and antisocial behavior. Usually, adolescents of poor health will display low self-esteem. Globally, self-confidence in boys and girls will decline during adolescence, and in contrast to boys, girls' self-confidence won't shoot back up again until early adulthood.[citation needed]
During adolescence, self-esteem is affected by age, race, ethnicity, poverty, health, body height, body weight, body image, involvement in physical activities, gender presentation, gender identity, and awakening or discovery of sexuality. Self-confidence can vary and be observed in a variety of dimensions. Components of one's social and academic life affect self-esteem. An individual's self-confidence can vary in different environments, such as at home or in school.[3]
The Wheel of Wellness [edit]
The Wheel of Wellness was the first theoretical model of Wellness based in counseling theory. It is a model based on Adler's individual psychology and cross-disciplinary research on characteristics of healthy people who live longer and with a higher quality of life. The Wheel of Wellness includes five life tasks that relate to each other: spirituality, self-direction, work and leisure, friendship, and love. There are 12 subtasks of self-direction areas: sense of worth, sense of control, realistic beliefs, emotional awareness and coping, problem solving and creativity, sense of humor, nutrition, exercise, self-care, stress management, gender identity, and cultural identity. There are also five second-order factors, the Creative Self, Coping Self, Social Self, Essential Self, and Physical Self, which allow exploration of the meaning of wellness within the total self. In order to achieve a high self-esteem, it is essential to focus on identifying strengths, positive assets, and resources related to each component of the Wellness model and using these strengths to cope with life challenges.[3]
Implicit vs. explicit self-confidence [edit]
Implicit can be defined as something that is implied or understood though not directly expressed. Explicit is defined as something that is fully and clearly expressed; leaving nothing implied.[4] Implicitly measured self-esteem has been found to be weakly correlated with explicitly measured self-esteem. This leads some critics to assume that explicit and implicit self-confidence are two completely different types of self-esteem. Therefore, this has drawn the conclusion that one will either have a distinct, unconscious self-esteem OR they will consciously misrepresent how they feel about themselves. Recent studies have shown that implicit self-esteem doesn't particularly tap into your unconscious, rather that people consciously overreport their levels of self-esteem. Another possibility is that implicit measurement may be assessing a different aspect of conscious self-esteem altogether.[5] Inaccurate self-evaluation is commonly observed in healthy populations. In the extreme, large differences between oneʼs self-perception and oneʼs actual behavior is a hallmark of a number of disorders that have important implications for understanding treatment seeking and compliance.[6]
See also [edit]
- Confidence, often equivalent to self-confidence
- Hubris or vanity, excessive self-confidence
- Self-esteem, conceit, or favourable opinion of oneself, or self-acceptance
- Self-efficacy, confidence about specific skills
References [edit]
- ^ The [oxford Dictionary]. Compare The Dictionary of Psychology by yogesh chandra . Psychology Press, 1999. ISBN 1-58391-028-X. Online via Google Book Search.
- ^ Raj Persaud. The Motivated Mind. p. 295.
- ^ a b Myers, Jane; Willise, John. Villalba, Jose. (01/01/11). "Promoting Self-Esteem in Adolescents: The Influence of Wellness Factors". Journal of Counseling and Development 89: 28–30.
- ^ "The Free Dictionary". Farlex. Farlex.
- ^ Timko, Alix; England, Erica. Herbert, James. Foreman, Evan. (Fall 2010). "The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a measure of Self-Esteem". The Psychological Record 60 (4): 679.
- ^ Beer, J.; Lombardo M, Bhanji J. (September 2010). "Roles of Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Self-evaluation". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22 (9): 2108–2119. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21359.
External links [edit]
- "Lack of self-confidence", a Buddhist view.
