WordNet

phlebitis in conjunction with the formation of a blood clot (thrombus)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/27 23:06:53」(JST)

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Thrombophlebitis is a phlebitis ( inflammation of a vein) related to a thrombus (blood clot).^[1]

When it occurs repeatedly in different locations, it is known as thrombophlebitis migrans, (migrating thrombophlebitis)

Signs and symptoms

The following symptoms or signs are often associated with thrombophlebitis, although thrombophlebitis is not restricted to the veins of the legs.^[2]^[3]

Pain (area affected)
Skin redness/inflammation
Edema (ankle and foot)
Cord-like veins
Tenderness (leg)

Causes

Deep vein thrombosis of the right leg

Thrombophlebitis causes include disorders related to increased tendency for blood clotting and reduced speed of blood in the veins such as prolonged immobility; prolonged traveling (sitting) may promote a blood clot leading to thrombophlebitis but this occurs relatively less. High estrogen states such as pregnancy, estrogen replacement therapy, or oral contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of thrombophlebitis.^[2]^[3]^[4] Specific disorders associated with thrombophlebitis include superficial thrombophlebitis which affects veins near the skin surface, deep venous thrombosis which affects deeper veins, and pulmonary embolism.^[5] Those with familial clotting disorders such as protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, or factor V Leiden are also at increased risk of thrombophlebitis. Thrombophlebitis can be found in people with vasculitis including Behçet's disease. Thrombophlebitis migrans can be a sign of malignancy - Trousseau sign of malignancy.^[6].

Complications

In terms of complications, one of the most serious occurs when the superficial blood clot is associated with a deeper venous thrombosis; this can then dislodge, traveling through the heart and occluding the dense capillary network of the lungs This is a pulmonary embolism which can be life-threatening to the affected individual.^[7]

Diagnosis

The diagnosis for thrombophlebitis is primarily based on the appearance of the affected area. Frequent checks of the pulse, blood pressure, and temperature may be required. If the cause is not readily identifiable, tests may be performed to determine the cause, including the following:^[2]^[3]

Doppler ultrasound
Extremity arteriography
Blood coagulation studies (Blood clotting tests)

Prevention

Prevention consists of walking, drinking fluids and if currently hospitalized, changing of IV lines.^[2] Walking is especially suggested after a long period seated, particularly when one travels.^[8]

Treatment

Ibuprofen (NSAID)

In terms of treatment for this condition the individual may be advised to do the following: raise the affected area to decrease swelling, and relieve pressure off of the affected area so it will encounter less pain. In certain circumstances drainage of the clot might be an option. In general, treatment may include the following:^[2]^[3]^[7]

Low molecular weight heparin
Warfarin
Surgery
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS) (Ibuprofen)
Support stockings

Epidemiology

Thrombophlebitis occurs almost equally between women and men, though males do have a slightly higher possibility. The average age of developing thrombophlebitis, based on analyzed incidents, is 54 for men and 58 for women.^[7]

References

^ Torpy JM, Burke AE, Glass RM (July 2006). "JAMA patient page. Thrombophlebitis". JAMA. 296 (4): 468. PMID 16868304. doi:10.1001/jama.296.4.468.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Thrombophlebitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Thrombophlebitis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Causes". emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
^ Philbrick, John T.; Shumate, Rebecca; Siadaty, Mir S.; Becker, Daniel M. (23 October 2016). "Air Travel and Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 22 (1): 107–114. ISSN 0884-8734. PMC 1824715 . PMID 17351849. doi:10.1007/s11606-006-0016-0.
^ "Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". eMedicine. Medscape. 12 July 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
^ Varki, Ajit (15 September 2007). "Trousseau's syndrome: multiple definitions and multiple mechanisms". Blood. 110 (6): 1723–1729. ISSN 0006-4971. PMC 1976377 . PMID 17496204. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-10-053736. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c Raval, P. (1 January 2014). "Thrombophlebitis☆". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.05368-X. Retrieved 23 October 2016. – via ScienceDirect (Subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries.)
^ Tamparo, Carol D. (2016). Diseases of the Human Body. F.A. Davis. p. 292. ISBN 9780803657915. Retrieved 23 October 2016.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 下肢の表在性血栓性静脈炎 superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity
2. 化膿性（敗血症性）血栓性静脈炎 suppurative septic thrombophlebitis
3. 敗血症性骨盤血栓性静脈炎 septic pelvic thrombophlebitis
4. 下肢慢性静脈疾患の概要およびマネージメント overview and management of lower extremity chronic venous disease
5. カテーテル関連の上肢静脈血栓症 catheter related upper extremity venous thrombosis

English Journal

Thrombophlebitis migrans in a man with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a case report.

Thayalasekaran S, Liddicoat H, Wood E.SourceBroomfield Hospital, Court Road, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM1 7ET. sreethaya@doctors.org.uk
Cases journal.Cases J.2009 Apr 29;2:6610. doi: 10.1186/1757-1626-2-6610.
INTRODUCTION: Thrombophlebitis migrans is characterised by the development of recurrent (i.e. migratory) superficial thrombophlebitis. It is an acquired coagulopathy that is strongly associated with malignancy, especially solid tumours of the adenocarcinoma type.CASE PRESENTATION: A 62 year old male
PMID 19829832

[Superficial migratory thrombophlebitis: a clinical and histologic review of 8 cases].

Laguna C, Alegre V, Pérez A.SourceServicio de Dermatología. Hospital General Universitario de Valencia. Valencia. España. cecipru@comv.es
Actas dermo-sifiliográficas.Actas Dermosifiliogr.2008 Jun;99(5):390-5.
INTRODUCTION: Superficial migratory thrombophlebitis (SMT) or thrombophlebitis migrans is characterized by recurrent episodes of localized thrombosis of the superficial veins in the limbs and trunk. It has been associated with various systemic diseases that should be taken into consideration when as
PMID 18501171

Thrombophlebitis migrans as a footprint of Buerger's disease: a prospective-descriptive study in north-east of Iran.

Fazeli B, Modaghegh H, Ravrai H, Kazemzadeh G.SourceVascular Surgery Research Center, Vascular Surgery Ward, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. bahar.fazeli@gmail.com
Clinical rheumatology.Clin Rheumatol.2008 Jan;27(1):55-7. Epub 2007 Jun 7.
The pathogenesis of thrombophlebitis migrans is as unknown as the etiology of Buerger's disease (BD). In the past, thrombophlebitis migrans was a major criterion used in the diagnosis of BD, whereas today it is not as important as before and it is often forgotten to be asked about from patients with
PMID 17554578

Japanese Journal

糖尿病に合併した移動性血栓性静脈炎の1例 (特集血管炎・血行障害)

皮膚科の臨床 53(2), 220-222, 2011-02
NAID 40018707386

高度な炎症反応を伴った遊走性血栓性静脈炎

西日本皮膚科 = The Nishinihon journal of dermatology 61(1), 7-10, 1999-02-01
NAID 10019105416

高度な炎症反応を伴った遊走性血栓性静脈炎

西日本皮膚科 61(1), 7-10, 1999
NAID 130004474480

Related Pictures

Thrombophlebitis Migrans (21.02.2020) Superficial Thrombophlebitis Photograph by Dr P. Marazzi/science Photo Library Thrombophlebitis - Types, Symptoms, Treatment, Pictures, Causes Thrombophlebitis: What Is Thrombophlebitis? thrombophlebitis migrans - Liberal Dictionary MDDK.com - Medical Information for your Health Thrombophlebitis. Causes, symptoms, treatment Thrombophlebitis Thrombophlebitis migrans in a man with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a case report

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「トルソー症候群」「逍遥性静脈炎」
関連記事	「thrombophlebitis」

「トルソー症候群」

Thrombophlebitis
	Ultrasonographic image showing thrombosis of the great saphenous vein.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	cardiology
ICD-10	I80, I82.1
ICD-9-CM	451
MedlinePlus	001108
MeSH	D013924
	[edit on Wikidata]