terra incognita

『terra incognita』
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（ラテン語）未開拓の地　未知の国　未知の領域　未知の土地　未開拓の分野

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/24 22:33:32」(JST)

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Map of North America from 1566 showing Italian inscriptions, both Terra In Cognita and Mare In Cognito

Terra incognita or terra ignota (Latin "unknown land"; incognita is stressed on its second syllable in Latin, but with variation in pronunciation in English) is a term used in cartography for regions that have not been mapped or documented. The expression is believed to be first seen in Ptolemy's Geography c. 150. The term was reintroduced in the 15th century from the rediscovery of Ptolemy’s work during the Age of Discovery. The equivalent on French maps would be terres inconnues (plural form), and some English maps may show Parts Unknown.

Similarly, uncharted or unknown seas would be labeled mare incognitum, Latin for "unknown sea".

Details

An urban legend claims that cartographers labelled such regions with "Here be dragons". Although cartographers did claim that fantastic beasts (including large serpents) existed in remote corners of the world and depicted such as decoration on their maps, only one known surviving map, the Lenox Globe, in the collection of the New York Public Library,^[1] actually says "Here be dragons" (using the Latin form "HIC SVNT DRACONES").^[2] However, ancient Roman and Medieval cartographers did use the phrase HIC SVNT LEONES (Here are lions) when denoting unknown territories on maps.^{[citation needed]}

Alternatively, 'terra incognita' may also refer to the hypothesized continent Terra Australis Incognita ("The unknown land of the South"), as seen in the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum map by Abraham Ortelius (1570).

During the 19th century terra incognita disappeared from maps of the earth, since both the coastlines and the inner parts of the continents had been fully explored. But the bottoms of the seas remain mostly un-mapped, as do many other land surfaces in the solar system.

The phrase is now also used metaphorically by various researchers to describe any unexplored subject or field of research.

Etymology

Terra: Latin for 'earth' or 'land'. Related English words include terrestrial, territory and terrain.
Incognita: from Latin cognoscere 'to know, be acquainted with' (negated by the prefix 'in-'), which is related to English know and Greek γνῶσις gnosis 'knowledge'. Related English words include agnostic, cognition, gnosticism.

For more history of the terms, see Terra Australis, and also Etymology at Australia.

Notes

^ "Guide to the Research Collections, Resources Elsewhere in the Collections". New York Public Library. pp. 207–208. Retrieved 2006-08-22.
^ "Here Be Dragons on Old Maps". MapHist. Retrieved 2006-08-22.

References

Guide to the Research Collections. pp. 207–208. New York Public Library.

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1. 色素沈着過剰を有する患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with hyperpigmentation disorders

English Journal

Preliminary results of the global audit of treatment of refractory status epilepticus.

Ferlisi M1, Hocker S2, Grade M3, Trinka E4, Shorvon S5; International Steering Committee of the StEp Audit.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B.Epilepsy Behav.2015 May 4. pii: S1525-5050(15)00158-4. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.010. [Epub ahead of print]
The treatment of refractory and super refractory status epilepticus is a "terra incognita" from the point of view of evidence-based medicine. As randomized or controlled studies that are sufficiently powered are not feasible in relation to the many therapies and treatment approaches available, we ca
PMID 25952268

Molecular imaging of infectious and inflammatory diseases: a terra incognita.

Glaudemans AW1, Slart RH2, van Dijl JM3, van Oosten M3, van Dam GM4.
Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.J Nucl Med.2015 May;56(5):659-61. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.115.155119. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
PMID 25814517

In situ imaging of on-surface, solvent-free molecular single-crystal growth.

Liu G1, Liu J1, Sun H2, Zheng X1, Liu Y1, Li X3, Qi H3, Bai X3, Jackson KA4, Tao X1.
Journal of the American Chemical Society.J Am Chem Soc.2015 Apr 22;137(15):4972-5. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b02637. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
The formation of crystalline materials has been studied for more than a century. Recent discoveries about the self-assembly of many inorganic materials, involving aggregation of nanoparticle (NP) precursors or pre-nucleation clusters, challenge the simple assumptions of classical crystallization the
PMID 25849287

Japanese Journal

P441 Terra Incognitaスケール境界層モデルの開発 : 圧力相関項のモデル化(ポスターセッション)

大会講演予講集 105, 398, 2014-04-30
NAID 110009846852

D115 Terra Incognitaスケールにおける大気境界層モデルの試作(大気境界層,口頭発表)

大会講演予講集 104, 108, 2013-10-31
NAID 110009801378

書評 Virginia Crosswhite Hyde and Earl G. Ingersoll, eds., "Terra incognita": D. H. Lawrence at the frontiers

D.H.ロレンス研究 (21), 53-58, 2011
NAID 40018819371

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