tentacle

• 触手

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tentacular

　 　 　

WordNet

1. any of various elongated tactile or prehensile flexible organs that occur on the head or near the mouth in many animals; used for feeling or grasping or locomotion
2. something that acts like a tentacle in its ability to grasp and hold; "caught in the tentacles of organized crime"
3. of or relating to or resembling tentacles
4. having tentacles

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (タコ・クラゲなどの)触手;(一般に)触手のようなもの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/11 04:59:15」(JST)

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For the Italian-American horror film, see Tentacles (film). For the album by Merzbow, see Tentacle (album).

Cuttlefish with 2 tentacles and 8 arms

In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work mainly like muscular hydrostats. Most forms of tentacles are used for grasping and feeding. Many are sensory organs, variously receptive to touch, vision, or to the smell or taste of particular foods or threats. Examples of such tentacles are the tentacles or "eye stalks" of various kinds of snails. Some kinds of tentacles have both sensory and manipulatory functions.

The word tentillum literally means "little tentacle". However, irrespective of size, it usually refers to a side branch of a larger tentacle. In some cases such tentilla are specialised for particular functions; for example, in the Cnidaria tentilla usually bear cnidocytes, whereas in the Ctenophora they usually bear collocytes.

In botany, tentacles are glandular hairs on the leaves of some species of insectivorous plants such as Drosera (sundews). This usage is not to be confused with organs such as the tendrils of climbing plants.

In animals

Invertebrates

Molluscs

See also: Cephalopod limb

Front view of land snail showing upper and lower sets of tentacles

Abalone showing pallial tentacles

Many molluscs have tentacles of one form or another. The most familiar are those of the pulmonate land snails, which usually have two sets of tentacles on the head: when extended the upper pair have eyes at their tips; the lower pair are chemoreceptors. Both pairs are fully retractable muscular hydrostats, but they are not used for manipulation or prey capture.

Some marine snails such as abalone and top snails, Trochidae, have numerous small tentacles around the edge of the mantle. These are known as pallial tentacles.

Cephalopods such as octopuses and squids have the most spectacular tentacles. They take the form of highly mobile muscular hydrostats with various appendages such as suction disks and sometimes thorny hooks. Up to the early twentieth century they were interchangeably called "arms" or "tentacles". The modern convention however, is to speak of appendages as "tentacles" when they have relatively thin "peduncles" or "stalks" with "clubs" at their tips. In contrast the convention refers to the relatively shorter, sessile appendages as "arms". By this definition the eight appendages of octopuses, though quite long, count as arms, because they are sessile. In terms of this article however, both types of organs count as tentacles because in relevant ways they are structurally and functionally similar.

The tentacles of the giant squid and colossal squid have powerful suckers and pointed teeth at the ends. The teeth of the giant squid resemble bottle caps, and function like tiny, circular saws; while the tentacles of the colossal squid wield two long rows of swiveling, tri-pointed hooks.

Cnidarians

Cnidarians, such as jellyfish, sea anemones, Hydra and coral have numerous hair-like tentacles. Cnidarians have huge numbers of cnidocytes on their tentacles. In medusoid form, the body floats on water so that the tentacles hang down in a ring around the mouth. In polyp form, such as sea anemone and coral, the body is below with the tentacles pointed upwards. Many species of the jellyfish-like ctenophores have two tentacles, while some have none. Their tentacles have adhesive structures called colloblasts or lasso cells. The colloblasts burst open when prey comes in contact with the tentacle, releasing sticky threads that secure the food.

The tentacles of the Lion's mane jellyfish may be up to 120 feet (37 meters) long. They are hollow and are arranged in 8 groups of between 70 and 150. The longer tentacles are equipped with ctenophores whose venom paralyses and kills prey. The smaller tentacles guide food into the mouth.

Bryozoan

Bryozoa (moss animals) are tiny creatures with tentacles around their mouths. The tentacles are almost cylindrical and have bands of cilia which create a water current towards the mouth. The animal extracts edible material from the flow of water.

Amphibians

The legless amphibians called caecilians have two short tentacles, one on each side of the head, between their eyes and nostrils. The current opinion is that these tentacles supplement the normal sense of smell, possibly for navigation and to locate prey underground.

Mammals

The star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata, of North America, has 22 short but conspicuous tentacles around its nose. They are mobile and extremely sensitive, helping the animal to find its way about the burrow and detect prey. They are about 1-4 mm long and hold about 25,000 touch receptors called Eimer's organs, perhaps giving this mole the most delicate sense of touch among mammals.

In plants

Leaf and tentacle movement on Drosera capensis

In carnivorous plants such as sundews, the so-called tentacles are the stalked glands of the upper surface of the leaves. They are hairlike projections with a drop of sticky mucilage which attract insects. Unlike a usual plant hair which is of epidermal origin, the tentacle is highly complex and includes all the tissue types present in the leaf. It consists of a tall, tapering stalk of multi-cellular structure, topped with two layers of glandular cells. They are highly touch-sensitive. When an insect or small animal is captured, the tentacles bend inward and the leaf rolls together as shown in the picture. The glandular cells then secrete enzymes to dissolve and digest the insect.

References

External links

• About.com
• About Sociology
• Enclopaedia Britannica
• Cephalopods

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Expression of c-type lysozyme gene in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is highly regulated and time dependent after salt stress.

• Tian Y1, Liang XW2, Chang YQ3, Song J4.
• Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.2015 Feb;180:68-78. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.10.004. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
• Lysozymes have been confirmed to possess varieties of functions in a range of organisms. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced c-type lysozyme cDNAs, constructed the recombinant protein over-expression of c-type lysozyme and analyzed the expression of transcription level in various tissues.
• PMID 25447274

• Feeding behavior and digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.

• Sun J1, Zhang L2, Pan Y3, Lin C4, Wang F5, Kan R6, Yang H7.
• Physiology & behavior.Physiol Behav.2015 Feb;139:336-43. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.051. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
• The feeding behavior and digestive physiology of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus are not well understood. A better understanding may provide useful information for the development of the aquaculture of this species. In this article the tentacle locomotion, feeding rhythms, ingestion rate (I
• PMID 25449414

• Silica-based strong anion exchange media for protein purification.

• Gu F1, Chodavarapu K2, McCreary D2, Plitt TA2, Tamoria E2, Ni M2, Burnham JJ2, Peters M2, Lenhoff AM3.
• Journal of chromatography. A.J Chromatogr A.2015 Jan 9;1376:53-63. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.082. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
• The main objective of our research was to develop silica-based, polymer-functionalized ion exchange materials for single-use bioprocess applications, with the ultimate goal of achieving maximal binding capacity for target proteins. Herein we report the utilization of Grace(®) wide pore silica gel a
• PMID 25537176

• Characterization of two regulators of the TNF-α signaling pathway in Apostichopus japonicus: LPS-induced TNF-α factor and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 2.

• Zhang X1, Zhang P1, Li C2, Li Y1, Jin C1, Zhang W1.
• Developmental and comparative immunology.Dev Comp Immunol.2015 Jan;48(1):138-42. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
• The TNF-α signaling cascade is involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and the immune response in vertebrates. Here, two regulatory genes, lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor α factor (LITAF) and baculov
• PMID 25307203

Japanese Journal

• The Validity of Helcogramma ishigakiensis (Aoyagi, 1954) and a Synopsis of Species of Helcogramma from the Ryukyu Islands, Southern Japan (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae)

• Tashiro Satokuni,Motomura Hiroyuki
• Species diversity : an international journal for taxonomy, systematics, speciation, biogeography, and life history research of animals 19(2), 97-110, 2014-11-25
• … anterior nostril tentacle unbranched; … orbital tentacle simple; …
• NAID 110009872234

• A New Species of Cladolabes (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Sclerodactylidae) from Nagasaki, Japan, with Partial Redescription of the Neotype of C. limaconotus

• Yamana Yusuke,Iwaoka Chikako,Hyakutake Kanako
• Species diversity : an international journal for taxonomy, systematics, speciation, biogeography, and life history research of animals 19(1), 21-33, 2014-05-25
• … For comparison, we also examined the neotype specimen of Cladolabes limaconotus Brandt, 1835 (type species of the genus) and provide illustrations of the general appearance of its body and of ossicles from a tentacle, the introvert, and the middle part of the body. …
• NAID 110009823120

• クロツバメシジミ幼虫の好蟻性器官とアリとの関連性(シジミチョウ科:ヒメシジミ族)

• JERATTHITIKUL Ekgachai,CHANTARASAWAT Naratip,矢後 勝也 [他],疋田 努
• 蝶と蛾 64(4), 132-139, 2013-12-25
• … .採集した幼虫の体表に見られる好蟻性器官に関してSEMを用いて調べたところ,一般的な共生関係が知られるシジミチョウ科幼虫が持つ基本的な3つの好蟻性器官,すなわち蜜腺(DNO=dorsal nectary organ),伸縮突起(TOs=tentacle organs),PCOs(Pore cupola organs)が認められた.蜜腺は腹部第7節の背中域に見られる横長に開口した大きな器官で,ここからアリが好むアミノ酸や糖類を含む分泌物を多量に放出することが知られる.伸縮突起は腹部第8 …
• NAID 110009688582

• Early cambrian pentamerous cubozoan embryos from South china.

• Han Jian,Kubota Shin,Li Guoxiang,Yao Xiaoyong,Yang Xiaoguang,Shu Degan,Li Yong,Kinoshita Shunichi,Sasaki Osamu,Komiya Tsuyoshi,Yan Gang
• PloS one 8(8), 2013-08-12
• … Seven of the pre-hatched pentamerous cubozoan embryos, each of which bears five pairs of subumbrellar tentacle buds, were analyzed in detail through computed microtomography (Micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) without coating. …
• NAID 120005323006

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触手(Tentacle）別名、 沼地の怪物 は、沼地に住んでいる好戦的な敵です. 釘のようなものがついた紫色の触手で、近づくものを手当たりしだい攻撃します。氷の杖（Ice...

• Tentacle | Define Tentacle at Dictionary.com

any of various elongated flexible organs that occur near the mouth in many invertebrates and are used for feeding, grasping, etc ... tentacle ten·ta·cle (těn'tə-kəl) n. An elongated, flexible, unsegmented extension, as one of those ...

• Tentacleとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work ...

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リンク元	「tentacular」「触手」

「tentacular」

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tentacle

　

「触手」

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tentacle、tentacular

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触手様