WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
a generalization of the concept of a vector
any of several muscles that cause an attached structure to become tense or firm

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〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
=timpani
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/09 18:41:55」(JST)

wiki en

Insertion of the tensor tympani muscle onto the malleus. . AA’ ( two fibrous collagenic layers); B épidermis; C mucous membrane; D head of malleus; E uncus; F stapes; G tensor tympani; H lateral process of malleus; I Manubrium of malleus; J stapes muscle.

The tensor tympani, the larger of the two muscles of the tympanic cavity (the other being the stapedius), is contained in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube. Its role is to dampen sounds, such as those produced from chewing.

Origin and insertion[edit source | edit]

It arises from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and the adjoining part of the great wing of the sphenoid, as well as from the osseous canal in which it is contained.

Passing backward through the canal, it ends in a slender tendon which enters the tympanic cavity, makes a sharp bend around the extremity of the septum, known as the processus cochleariformis,^[1] and is inserted into the handle (manubrium) of the malleus, near its root.

Function[edit source | edit]

When tensed, the action of the muscle is to pull the malleus medially, tensing the tympanic membrane, damping vibration in the ear ossicles and thereby reducing the amplitude of sounds. This muscle is contracted primarily to dampen the noise produced by chewing. (Compare to the more general dampening function of the stapedius muscle.)

In many people with hyperacusis, an increased activity develops in the tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear as part of the startle response to some sounds. This lowered reflex threshold for tensor tympani contraction is activated by the perception/anticipation of loud sound, and is called tonic tensor tympani syndrome (TTTS). In some people with hyperacusis, the tensor tympani muscle can contract just by thinking about a loud sound. Following exposure to intolerable sounds, this contraction of the tensor tympani muscle tightens the ear drum, which can lead to the symptoms of ear pain/a fluttering sensation/a sensation of fullness in the ear (in the absence of any middle or inner ear pathology).^[2]^[3]

Innervation[edit source | edit]

Innervation of the tensor tympani is from the tensor tympani nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V, specifically V3). As the tensor tympani is innervated by motor fibres of the trigeminal nerve, it does not receive fibres from the trigeminal ganglion, which has sensory fibres only.

Voluntary control[edit source | edit]

Contracting muscles produce vibration and sound.^[4] Slow twitch fibers produce 10 to 30 contractions per second (equivalent to 10 to 30 Hz sound frequency). Fast twitch fibers produce 30 to 70 contractions per second (equivalent to 30 to 70 Hz sound frequency).^[5] The vibration can be witnessed and felt by highly tensing one's muscles, as when making a firm fist. The sound can be heard by pressing a highly tensed muscle against the ear, again a firm fist is a good example. The sound is usually described as a rumbling sound. Some individuals can voluntarily produce this rumbling sound by contracting the tensor tympani muscle of the middle ear. The rumbling sound can also be heard when the neck or jaw muscles are highly tensed as when yawning deeply. This phenomenon is known since (at least) 1884 (cf : Tillaux Paul Jules, Traité d’Anatomie topographique avec applications à la chirurgie, Paris Asselin et Houzeau publishers (4°ed. 1884, p. 125 )).

Additional images[edit source | edit]

Base of skull. Inferior surface.
External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.
View of the inner wall of the tympanum (enlarged.)
Auditory tube, laid open by a cut in its long axis.

References[edit source | edit]

^ Clinical Head and Neck and Functional Neuroscience Course Notes, 2008-2009, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
^ http://www.tinnitusvic.asn.au/tinnitus-hyperacusis.htm
^ http://www.tinnitus.org/home/frame/Tensor%20tympani%20syndrome_Klochoff.pdf
^ U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Barry DT., Vibrations and sounds from evoked muscle twitches., Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1992 Jan-Feb;32(1-2):35-40.
^ September 2009 - Welcome to racewalkingnewzealand.org, PROGRAM FITNESS NEWSLETTER September 2009 by Gary Little

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links[edit source | edit]

LUC tt
McGill
MadSci Network [1]

UpToDate Contents

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1. 筋力低下の評価における筋力検査 muscle examination in the evaluation of weakness
2. 筋力低下患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with muscle weakness
3. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における呼吸筋のトレーニングおよび安静 respiratory muscle training and resting in copd
4. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびその他の運動ニューロン疾患の診断 diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other forms of motor neuron disease
5. 救急外来における急性の筋力低下を訴える成人の評価 evaluation of the adult with acute weakness in the emergency department

English Journal

Is it necessary to retain the tensor tympani tendon in tympanoplasty?

Deng R1, Ou X, Tao D, Fang Y, Liuyang W, Chen B.
The Laryngoscope.Laryngoscope.2015 Mar 16. doi: 10.1002/lary.25234. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate the acoustic effect after canal wall-down tympanoplasty with sectioning of the tensor tympani muscle (TTM) tendon in patients with chronic otitis media.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, controlled clinical trial.METHODS: From January 2010 to April 2014, 212 patients under
PMID 25778997

Unilateral ear fullness and temporary hearing loss diagnosed and successfully managed as a temporomandibular disorder: a case report.

Dalla-Bona D, Shackleton T, Clark G, Ram S.
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939).J Am Dent Assoc.2015 Mar;146(3):192-4. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2014.12.012.
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW: A 73-year-old woman had a 4-month history of debilitating left-sided otic fullness, hearing loss, and a watery sensation in her ear without obvious cause. She had consulted with an otolaryngologist who cleared the ear of all middle ear pathology and then placed ventilation t
PMID 25726347

Voluntary eardrum movement: a marker for tensor tympani contraction?

Aron M1, Floyd D, Bance M.
Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.Otol Neurotol.2015 Feb;36(2):373-81. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000382.
HYPOTHESIS: Voluntary eardrum movement (VEM) and resultant tympanometric changes reflect tensor tympani (TT) contraction.BACKGROUND: TT contraction has been hypothesized to cause symptoms of aural fullness, tinnitus, clicking, and even vertigo despite the lack of understanding of how it functions or
PMID 24751734

Japanese Journal

耳小骨機能模型の製作

里田隆博,下江宰司,牧平清超 [他],玉本光弘,松本厚枝,原久美子,野宗万喜,仁井谷善恵,杉山勝,竹本俊伸,村山長,天野秀昭,二川浩樹
解剖學雜誌 84(2), 41-46, 2009-06-01
NAID 10025686059

ヒト側頭骨標本によるアブミ骨筋の加齢変化に関する研究

馬場陽子
日本耳鼻咽喉科學會會報 103(9), 993-1000, 2000-09-20
… Degenerative changes in the morphology of the stapedius muscle caused by aging using a collection of human temporal bones obtained by our department. …
NAID 10005595212

耳管垂直断CTによる耳管及び耳管周囲組織の解析

吉田晴郎,小林俊光,高崎賢治,神田幸彦,中尾善亮,森川実,石丸英樹,林邦昭
Otology Japan 10(3), 172-176, 2000-07-25
… In our device of multiplanar reconstruction technique, we were able to obtain the clear reconstructed images of the ET lumen as well as of its surrounding tissues (bone, ET cartilage, tensor veli palatini muscle, levator veli palatini muscle, Ostmann's fat tissue, tensor tympani muscle, internal carotid artery) at any desired portion, either parallel or perpendicular to the long axis of the ET. …
NAID 10009320273

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「鼓膜張筋」「musculus tensor tympani」「tensor muscle of tympanic membrane」
関連記事	「tympani」「muscle」

「鼓膜張筋」

Tensor tympani muscle
	The right membrana tympani with the hammer and the chorda tympani, viewed from within, from behind, and from above.
	The medial wall and part of the posterior and anterior walls of the right tympanic cavity, lateral view. (Label for "Tensor tympani muscle" is at right, second from bottom.)
Latin	Musculus tensor tympani
Gray's	subject #231 1046
Origin	Auditory tube
Insertion	Handle of the malleus
Artery	Superior tympanic artery
Nerve	Medial pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve (V3)
Actions	Tensing the tympanic membrane

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英: tensor tympani (K), tensor tympani muscle
ラ: musculus tensor tympani

図：N.89
この小さな筋はツチ骨柄の裏側に停止し、ツチ骨柄を内側方に引っ張っている。

起始

停止

神経

下顎神経(三叉神経第三枝, CN V3)(解剖に着目)

機能

「musculus tensor tympani」

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鼓膜張筋

関: tensor muscle of tympanic membrane、tensor tympani、tensor tympani muscle

「tensor muscle of tympanic membrane」

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