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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/22 02:05:39」(JST)

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The tympanic cavity is a small cavity surrounding the bones of the middle ear.

Structure

On its lateral surface, it abuts the external auditory meatus from which it is separated by the tympanic membrane (eardrum).

Walls

The tympanic cavity is bounded by:

Facing the inner ear, the medial wall (or labyrinthic wall, labyrinthine wall) is vertical, and has the oval window and round window, the promontory, and the prominence of the facial canal.
Facing the outer ear, the lateral wall (or membranous wall), is formed mainly by the tympanic membrane, partly by the ring of bone into which this membrane is inserted. This ring of bone is incomplete at its upper part, forming a notch (notch of Rivinus), close to which are three small apertures: the "iter chordæ posterius", the petrotympanic fissure, and the "iter chordæ anterius". The iter chordæ posterius (apertura tympanica canaliculi chordæ) is situated in the angle of junction between the mastoid and membranous wall of tympanic cavity immediately behind the tympanic membrane and on a level with the upper end of the manubrium of the malleus; it leads into a minute canal, which descends in front of the canal for the facial nerve, and ends in that canal near the stylo-mastoid foramen. Through it the chorda tympani nerve enters the tympanic cavity. The petrotympanic fissure (fissura petrotympanica; Glaserian fissure) opens just above and in front of the ring of bone into which the tympanic membrane is inserted; in this situation it is a mere slit about 2 mm. in length. It lodges the anterior process and anterior ligament of the malleus, and gives passage to the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary artery. The iter chordæ anterius (canal of Huguier) is placed at the medial end of the petrotympanic fissure; through it the chorda tympani nerve leaves the tympanic cavity.
The roof of the cavity (also called the tegmental wall, tegmental roof or tegmentum tympani) is formed by a thin plate of bone, the tegmen tympani, which separates the cranial and tympanic cavities. It is situated on the anterior (frontal) surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone close to its angle of junction with the squama temporalis; it is prolonged backward so as to roof in the tympanic antrum, and forward to cover in the semicanal for the tensor tympani muscle. Its lateral edge corresponds with the remains of the petrosquamous suture.^[1] The Atticus is the part of the tegmentum tympani where the stapes and incus are attached.
The floor of the cavity (also called the jugular wall) is narrow, and consists of a thin plate of bone (fundus tympani) which separates the tympanic cavity from the jugular fossa. It presents, near the labyrinthic wall, a small aperture for the passage of the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
The posterior wall (or mastoid wall) is wider above than below, and presents for examination the entrance to the tympanic antrum, the pyramidal eminence, and the fossa incudis.
The anterior wall (or carotid wall) is wider above than below; it corresponds with the carotid canal, from which it is separated by a thin plate of bone perforated by the tympanic branch of the internal carotid artery, and by the deep petrosal nerve which connects the sympathetic plexus on the internal carotid artery with the tympanic plexus on the promontory. At the upper part of the anterior wall are the orifice of the semicanal for the Tensor tympani muscle and the tympanic orifice of the auditory tube, separated from each other by a thin horizontal plate of bone, the septum canalis musculotubarii. These canals run from the tympanic cavity forward and downward to the retiring angle between the squama and the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

Development

It is formed from the tubotympanic recess, an expansion of the first pharyngeal pouch.

Clinical significance

If damaged, the tympanic membrane can be repaired in a procedure called tympanoplasty.

Should fluid accumulate within the middle ear as the result of infection or for some other reason, it can be drained by puncturing the tympanic membrane with a large bore needle (tympanocentesis).

Additional images

External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.
Horizontal section through left ear; upper half of section.
Tympanic cavity. Facial canal. Internal carotid artery.
Auditory ossicles. Tympanic cavity. Deep dissection.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy

External links

Dartmouth.edu
Thefreedictionary.com
Education.yahoo.com

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 小児における耳漏（耳だれ）の評価 evaluation of otorrhea ear discharge in children
2. 成人における慢性中耳炎、真珠腫、および乳様突起炎 chronic otitis media cholesteatoma and mastoiditis in adults
3. 味覚および嗅覚障害の解剖学および病因 anatomy and etiology of taste and smell disorders
4. 中耳外傷の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of middle ear trauma
5. ミオクローヌスの治療 treatment of myoclonus

English Journal

Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone secondary to ear surgery: a case report.

Pardo-Maza A1, Lassaletta L2, Ruiz-Bravo E3, Perez-Mora R4, Peñarrocha J5, Gavilan J6.
Journal of medical case reports.J Med Case Rep.2015 Jun 2;9(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s13256-015-0612-x.
INTRODUCTION: In this report, we describe the clinical course, diagnostic features and management of a patient with fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone 7 years after middle ear surgery on the same side.CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old Caucasian girl presented to our hospital with a growing bone l
PMID 26031688

Comparison of different computed tomography post-processing modalities in assessment of various middle ear disorders.

Mehanna AM1, Baki FA, Eid M, Negm M.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Jun;272(6):1357-70. doi: 10.1007/s00405-014-2920-y. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
Several anatomic structures of the middle ear are not optimally depicted in the standard axial and coronal planes. Several 2D and 3D image-processing modalities are currently available for CT examinations in clinical radiology departments. Till now 3D reconstructions of the temporal bone have not be
PMID 24532049

Massive temporal lobe cholesteatoma.

Waidyasekara P1, Dowthwaite SA1, Stephenson E2, Bhuta S3, McMonagle B1.
Case reports in otolaryngology.Case Rep Otolaryngol.2015;2015:121028. doi: 10.1155/2015/121028. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
Introduction. Intracranial extension of cholesteatoma is rare. This may occur de novo or recur some time later either contiguous with or separate to the site of the original cholesteatoma. Presentation of Case. A 63-year-old female presented to a tertiary referral hospital with a fluctuating level o
PMID 25821620

Japanese Journal

側頭骨内髄膜脳瘤の1症例

Otology Japan 17(5), 677-680, 2007-12-25
NAID 10021297841

錐体部真珠腫術後の開放露出硬膜創部の治癒経過

Otology Japan 17(2), 139-142, 2007-05-25
NAID 10021297014

右S状洞血栓症と左後頭蓋窩進展を伴った両側真珠腫性中耳炎例

Otology Japan 12(2), 135-139, 2002-05-25
NAID 10024564196

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「鼓室蓋」
関連記事	「tympani」

「鼓室蓋」

Tympanic cavity
	Malleus Tensor Tympani Incus Stapedius Labyrinth Stapes Auditory Canal Tympanic Membrane; (Ear Drum) Eustachian Tube Tympanic cavity Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear
	The cochlea and vestibule, viewed from above. (Tympanic cavity labeled at upper right.)
Details
Precursor	first pharyngeal pouch
Artery	stylomastoid artery
Identifiers
Latin	cavitas tympani
Dorlands; /Elsevier	c_16/12220641
TA	A15.3.02.002
FMA	56461
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: tegment tympani
ラ: tegmen tympani

「tympani」

　　[★]

adj.

鼓索の

関: chorda tympani

[1] Public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy

匿名

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案内

案内

tegmen tympani