τ、タウ、時定数

関: relaxation time、time constant

WordNet

the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet
any of various plants of the genus Centaurium
any plant of the genus Centaurea
a global cluster in the constellation Centaurus
the second brightest star in Centaurus

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タウ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第19字T,т;英語のT,tに相当)
ありがと

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/02 14:49:07」(JST)

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Tau (uppercase Τ, lowercase τ; Greek: ταυ [taf]) is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 300.

The name in English is pronounced /taʊ/ or /tɔː/,^[1] but in modern Greek it is [taf]. This is because the pronunciation of the combination of Greek letters αυ has changed from ancient to modern times from one of [au] to either [av] or [af], depending on what follows (see Greek orthography).

Tau was derived from the Phoenician letter taw . Letters that arose from tau include Roman T and Cyrillic Te (Т, т).

The letter occupies the Unicode slots U+03C4 (lowercase) and U+03A4 (uppercase). In HTML, they can be produced with named entities (τ and Τ), decimal references (τ and Τ), or hexadecimal references (τ and Τ).

Modern usage

The lower-case letter τ is used as a symbol for:

specific tax amount.
TAU (spacecraft), proposed spacecraft

Biology

The expressed period of the freerunning rhythm of an animal, i.e., the length of the daily cycle of an animal when kept in constant light or constant darkness.
The dose interval in pharmacokinetics
The core variable in General Tau Theory
Tau (protein) in biochemistry is a protein associated with microtubules and is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, some forms of Frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Mathematics

divisor function in number theory, also denoted d or σ₀
golden ratio (1.618...), although φ (phi) is more common.^[2]
Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient in statistics
Stopping time in stochastic processes
Tau (2 $π$ ) (6.283...), the name for the ratio constant of a circle's circumference to radius
Tau-function in number theory.
Torsion of a curve in differential geometry

Physics

The prefix of many stars, via the Bayer stellar designation system. (Tau Ceti is such a star)
Proper time in relativity
Shear stress in continuum mechanics
The lifetime of a spontaneous emission process
tau lepton, an elementary particle in particle physics
Tau in astronomy is a measure of optical depth, or how much sunlight cannot penetrate the atmosphere
In the physical sciences, tau is sometimes used as time variable, to avoid confusing t as temperature
time constant of any device, such as an RC circuit
Torque, the rotational force in mechanics
The symbol for tortuosity in hydrogeology

Symbolism

In ancient times, Tau was used as a symbol for life and/or resurrection, whereas the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, theta, was considered the symbol of death.
In Biblical times, the Taw was put on men to distinguish those who lamented sin, although newer versions of the Bible have replaced the ancient term “Taw” with "mark" (Ezekiel 9:4) or "signature" (Job 31:35). Its original sound value is a voiceless alveolar plosive, IPA /t/
The symbolism of the cross was connected not only to the letter chi but also to tau, the equivalent of the last letter in the Phoenician and Old Hebrew alphabets, and which was originally cruciform in shape; see Cross of Tau
An essay written around 160 AD, attributed to Lucian, a mock legal prosecution called The Consonants at Law — Sigma v. Tau in the Court of Seven Vowels contains a reference to the cross attribution. Sigma petitions the court to sentence Tau to death by crucifixion, saying:

Men weep, and bewail their lot, and curse Cadmus with many curses for introducing Tau into the family of letters; they say it was his body that tyrants took for a model, his shape that they imitated, when they set up structures on which men are crucified. Stauros (cross) the vile engine is called, and it derives its vile name from him. Now, with all these crimes upon him, does he not deserve death, nay, many deaths? For my part I know none bad enough but that supplied by his own shape — that shape which he gave to the gibbet named stauros after him by men
Tau is usually considered as the symbol of Franciscan orders due to St. Francis' love for it, symbol of the redemption and of the Cross. Almost all Franciscan churches have painted a tau with two crossing arms, both with stigmata, the one of Jesus and the other of Francis; usually members of the Secular Franciscan Order wear a wooden τ in a string with three knots around the neck

Character Encodings

Greek / Coptic Tau^[3]

Character	Τ		τ		Ⲧ		ⲧ
Unicode name	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU		GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU		COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER TAU		COPTIC SMALL LETTER TAU
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
Unicode	932	U+03A4	964	U+03C4	11430	U+2CA6	11431	U+2CA7
UTF-8	206 164	CE A4	207 132	CF 84	226 178 166	E2 B2 A6	226 178 167	E2 B2 A7
Numeric character reference	Τ	Τ	τ	τ	Ⲧ	Ⲧ	ⲧ	ⲧ
Named character reference	Τ		τ
DOS Greek	147	93	171	AB
DOS Greek-2	208	D0	238	EE
Windows 1253	212	D4	244	F4
TeX			\tau

Mathematical Tau

Character	𝚻		𝛕		𝛵		𝜏		𝜯		𝝉
Unicode name	MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL TAU		MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL TAU		MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL TAU		MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL TAU		MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU		MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
Unicode	120507	U+1D6BB	120533	U+1D6D5	120565	U+1D6F5	120591	U+1D70F	120623	U+1D72F	120649	U+1D749
UTF-8	240 157 154 187	F0 9D 9A BB	240 157 155 149	F0 9D 9B 95	240 157 155 181	F0 9D 9B B5	240 157 156 143	F0 9D 9C 8F	240 157 156 175	F0 9D 9C AF	240 157 157 137	F0 9D 9D 89
UTF-16	55349 57019	D835 DEBB	55349 57045	D835 DED5	55349 57077	D835 DEF5	55349 57103	D835 DF0F	55349 57135	D835 DF2F	55349 57161	D835 DF49
Numeric character reference	𝚻	𝚻	𝛕	𝛕	𝛵	𝛵	𝜏	𝜏	𝜯	𝜯	𝝉	𝝉

Character	𝝩		𝞃		𝞣		𝞽
Unicode name	MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL TAU		MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL TAU		MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU		MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
Unicode	120681	U+1D769	120707	U+1D783	120739	U+1D7A3	120765	U+1D7BD
UTF-8	240 157 157 169	F0 9D 9D A9	240 157 158 131	F0 9D 9E 83	240 157 158 163	F0 9D 9E A3	240 157 158 189	F0 9D 9E BD
UTF-16	55349 57193	D835 DF69	55349 57219	D835 DF83	55349 57251	D835 DFA3	55349 57277	D835 DFBD
Numeric character reference	𝝩	𝝩	𝞃	𝞃	𝞣	𝞣	𝞽	𝞽

These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.

References

^ "Oxford Dictionaries Online". Oxford University Press.
^ Weisstein, Eric W., "Golden Ratio", MathWorld.
^ Unicode Code Charts: Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 前頭側頭型認知症：疫学、病理学、および病因 frontotemporal dementia epidemiology pathology and pathogenesis
2. アルツハイマー病の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of alzheimer disease
3. 進行性核上性麻痺（PSP） progressive supranuclear palsy psp
4. 前頭側頭型認知症：臨床的特徴および診断 frontotemporal dementia clinical features and diagnosis
5. 認知障害および認知症の評価 evaluation of cognitive impairment and dementia

English Journal

JAK3 and PI3K mediate bovine Interferon-tau stimulated gene expression in the blood neutrophils.

Sheikh AA1, Hooda OK1, Dang AK1.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2018 Jun;233(6):4885-4894. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26296. Epub 2018 Jan 9.
PMID 29194593

Low Temperature Electrical Spin Injection from Highly Spin Polarized Co₂CrAl Heusler Alloy into p-Si.

Kar U1, Panda J1, Nath TK1.
Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.J Nanosci Nanotechnol.2018 Jun 1;18(6):4135-4141. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15233.
PMID 29442754

Occurrence of agrochemical residues in beeswax samples collected in Italy during 2013-2015.

Perugini M1, Tulini SMR2, Zezza D2, Fenucci S3, Conte A4, Amorena M2.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2018 Jun 1;625:470-476. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.321. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
PMID 29291561

Japanese Journal

Generalized string equations for double Hurwitz numbers

Takasaki Kanehisa
Journal of Geometry and Physics 62(5), 1135-1156, 2012-05
… The generating function of double Hurwitz numbers is known to become a tau function of the Toda hierarchy. …
NAID 120003988367

タウを標的とした認知症治療薬 (認知症学(下)その解明と治療の最新知見) -- (臨床編)

古川勝敏
日本臨床 69 (1012増刊10), 93-97, 2011-12
NAID 40019127285

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「タウ蛋白」「relaxation time」「τ」「タウ」
拡張検索	「tauroursodeoxycholic acid」「tauopathy」

「タウ蛋白」

　　[★]

英: tau protein
同: タウ tau、tau蛋白、tauタンパク、タウタンパク質、タウタンパク、タウ蛋白質
関: アルツハイマー病

[show details]

タウタンパク質 : 約 7,200 件
タウタンパク : 約 1,790 件
タウ蛋白質 : 約 3,440 件
タウ蛋白 : 約 8,870 件

アルツハイマー病では神経細胞内にリン酸化されたタウ蛋白が凝集する

参考

1.

http://www.rndsystems.com/mini_review_detail_objectname_MR01_Alzheimers.aspx

2. [charged] アルツハイマー病の臨床症状および診断 - uptodate [1]
3.

http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_neurodegenerative/Case1/Case1Micro1.htm

「relaxation time」

　　[★]

緩和時間、休止時間、時定数

関: tau、time constant

「τ」

　　[★]

英

tau

(Greek)tau

関: 時定数、タウ

「タウ」

　　[★]

英: tau
関: タウ蛋白質

「tauroursodeoxycholic acid」

　　[★]

タウロウルソデオキシコール酸

関: TUDCA

「tauopathy」

　　[★]

タウオパチー、タウオパシー

[1] "Oxford Dictionaries Online". Oxford University Press.

[2] Weisstein, Eric W., "Golden Ratio", MathWorld.

[3] Unicode Code Charts: Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)

匿名

検索

案内

案内

tau