WordNet

becoming gradually narrower; "long tapering fingers"; "trousers with tapered legs" (同)tapering, narrowing
(of the Moon) pertaining to the period during which the visible surface of the moon decreases; "after full moon comes the waning moon"
a gradual decrease in magnitude or extent; "the waning of his enthusiasm was obvious"; "the waxing and waning of the moon"
a convex shape that narrows toward a point
diminish gradually; "Interested tapered off"
the property possessed by a shape that narrows toward a point (as a wedge or cone)

PrepTutorEJDIC

小さい先細のろうそく / しだいに先細になること / …‘に'先細にする;…‘を'次第に少なくする《+off+名,+名+off》 / だんだん細くなる,だんだん少なくなる《+off》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/30 23:31:47」(JST)

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In the context of sports, tapering refers to the practice of reducing exercise in the days just before an important competition.^[1] Tapering is customary in many endurance sports, such as the long-distance running and swimming. For many athletes, a significant period of tapering is essential for optimal performance. The tapering period frequently lasts as much as a week or more.

This article is about the use of the word "tapering" in sports. For the "tapering" in the 2010-2014 unconventional monetary policy in the United States, please see Quantitative easing.

Tapering periods

As a general rule of thumb, longer endurance events are generally preceded by longer tapering periods, with the curious exception of particularly long endurance competitions, such as ultramarathons and multiday races. In swimming the opposite is true; distance swimmers will often taper for only a week or less, while sprinters (50 m-200 m) taper for up to 3 weeks.^{[citation needed]}

Typically, tapering for relatively short endurance events takes as little as a week or less, but tapering for an event like the marathon takes at least two or three weeks. Bob Cooper, a veteran marathoner and contributing editor for Runner's World, points to medical studies as evidence that the final three weeks of any marathon-training program are the most critical stage of training; a review of fifty studies on tapering indicates that optimal levels of muscle glycogen, enzymes, antioxidants, and hormones, which are significantly depleted by intense endurance training, are achieved during a taper. Tapering may also be done for submaximal exercises.^[2]

Before tapering

Often, a workout simulating the actual race distance and conditions will climax the period of training immediately before tapering. According to two-time American Olympian Pete Pfitzinger "the taper should be preceded by your last long run."^[3] It's an individual process and the older the subject, the shorter the period should be as an older runner can fall out of shape in the tapering process of healing.

References

^ Sun Devil Aquatics. "Glossary of Terms". Swim Levels, Meet Types. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
^ Cooper, Bob. "It's Taper Time". Retrieved 2007-10-04.
^ Pfitzinger, Pete. "Tapering For A Marathon". the Pfitzinger Lab Report. Retrieved 2007-10-04.

External links

Pfitzinger.com - "Tapering for a Marathon", Pete Pfitzinger
MarathonTraining.com - "Marathon Training Program: Tapering"
RunnersWorld.com - "Taper Traps", Dave Kuehls, Runner's World

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