WordNet

lack of success; "he felt that his entire life had been a failure"; "that year there was a crop failure"
loss of ability to function normally; "kidney failure"
an act that fails; "his failure to pass the test"
an unexpected omission; "he resented my failure to return his call"; "the mechanics failure to check the brakes"
a person with a record of failing; someone who loses consistently (同)loser, nonstarter, unsuccessful person
an event that does not accomplish its intended purpose; "the surprise party was a complete failure"
of or relating to a systole or happening during a systole

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…における)『失敗』,不成功《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉失敗者,落後者;失敗した企て,不できなもの / 〈U〉〈C〉怠慢,不履行 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)不足,欠乏《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)破産《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…の)『衰弱』,減退《+『in』(『of』+『名』》

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 無症候性左室収縮機能障害の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction
2. Pharmacologic therapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
3. 収縮能障害による心不全における強心剤 inotropic agents in heart failure due to systolic dysfunction
4. 心不全または心筋症患者の病因及び重症度の決定 determining the etiology and severity of heart failure or cardiomyopathy
5. Management and prognosis of chronic secondary mitral regurgitation

English Journal

Effects of Supplemental Citrulline-Malate Ingestion on Blood Lactate, Cardiovascular Dynamics, and Resistance Exercise Performance in Trained Males.

Wax B1, Kavazis AN2, Luckett W3.
Journal of dietary supplements.J Diet Suppl.2016 May 3;13(3):269-82. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2015.1008615. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
Citrulline-malate (CM) has been proposed to provide an ergogenic effect during resistance exercise; however, there is a paucity of research investigating these claims. Therefore, we investigated the impact that CM supplementation would have on repeated bouts of resistance exercise. Fourteen resistan
PMID 25674699

Blood pressure changes in patients with chronic heart failure undergoing slow breathing training.

Drozdz T1, Bilo G2, Debicka-Dabrowska D1, Klocek M1, Malfatto G2, Kielbasa G1, Styczkiewicz K1, Bednarek A1, Czarnecka D1, Parati G2,3, Kawecka-Jaszcz K1.
Blood pressure.Blood Press.2016 Feb;25(1):4-10. doi: 10.3109/08037051.2016.1099800. Epub 2015 Oct 29.
BACKGROUND: Slow breathing training (SBT) has been proposed as a new non-pharmacological treatment able to induce favorable effects in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, no information is available regarding its effects on orthostatic blood pressure (BP) changes in these patients, a
PMID 26513698

Japanese Journal

アンチエイジングから収縮不全を考える (特集アンチエイジングから心疾患を考える)

塩井哲雄
Anti-aging science : 脳心血管抗加齢研究会機関誌 4(2), 84-87, 2012-07
NAID 40019401036

Intermittent infusions of carperitide or inotoropes in out-patients with advanced heart failure.

Nishi Kiyoto,Sato Yukihito,Miyamoto Tadashi,Toma Masanao,Taniguchi Ryoji,Fukuhara Rei,Saijo Sayaka,Fujiwara Hisayoshi,Takatsu Yoshiki
Journal of cardiology 59(3), 366-373, 2012-05
… [Background]: The ambulatory treatment of advanced heart failure (HF) with intermittent infusions of inotropes or natriuretic peptide chosen immediately before each infusion has not been described. … The pharmaceutical was selected before each infusion based on the systolic blood pressure (BP). …
NAID 120004108329

「心不全」

　　[★]

英: heart failure, HF, cardiac failure CF, cardiac insufficiency
関

定義

心臓のポンプ能が低下しているために、十分な心拍出量が得られない状態を指す (EPT.115)
心筋の機能が低下し、末梢組織の酸素需要量に見合うだけの血液を駆出できなくなった状態。
心臓に器質的あるいは機能的異常が生じて、心臓のポンプ機能力が低下し、主要臓器の酸素需要量に見合うだけの血液を拍出できない病態(YN)。全ての心疾患の「終末像」である。あくまでも終末像のため、死亡診断書に死因と記載するのは不適切である。

分類

病期

原因

収縮不全 systolic failure: HF with a depressed EF
拡張不全 diastolic failure: HF with a preserved EF

場所

病態の分類

病期分類

http://www.abouthf.org/questions_stages.htm
Class I (Mild)

No limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea (shortness of breath).

Class II (Mild)

Slight limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea.

Class III (Moderate)

Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea.

Class IV (Severe)

Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort is increased.

原因

虚血性心疾患、弁膜疾患、高血圧精神疾患、心筋虚血の順に多い。(IMD.790)
誘因としては過労、ストレス、感染、心拍数の異常、不整脈、水分・塩分の過剰摂取がある。

増悪因子

ストレス
感染症：頻脈→心筋酸素需要↑
貧血　：心拍出量↑
妊娠　：心拍出量↑、体液量↑
甲状腺機能亢進症：甲状腺ホルモン(心臓のカテコラミン受容体増加)の陽性変力効果、陽性変時効果→心筋酸素需要↑
血圧上昇　：圧負荷
頻脈性不整脈：心筋酸素需要↑

table 9.3. 代償されている心不全において症状を誘発させる要因 PHD.240

代謝的需要の増加　→　心筋が十分に収縮できなくなる

発熱
感染症
貧血
頻脈
甲状腺機能亢進症
妊娠

循環血液量の増加　→　前負荷の増加

過剰の塩分摂取
過剰の水分摂取
腎不全

後負荷を増加させる状態

コントロールされていない高血圧　←左心系
肺塞栓症　←　右心系

心収縮力を低下させる状態

陰性変力作用を持つ薬物
心筋虚血 or 心筋梗塞
アルコールの摂取

心不全の薬の飲み忘れ
極端な徐脈

症状

左心不全	右心不全
労作時呼吸困難	経静脈怒張
発作性夜間呼吸困難	肝肥大
起坐呼吸	下腿浮腫
肺水腫	胸水
肺うっ血	腹水
湿性ラ音
チェーンストークス呼吸

心不全の身体所見 IMD.791改変

	右心不全	左心不全
	後方障害	前方障害	後方障害
自覚症状	体重増加	易疲労感	労作時息切れ
	食思不振	食思不振	夜間呼吸困難
	浮腫	動悸	浅眠
	腹満感	乏尿	動悸
他覚症状	浮腫	頻脈	起座呼吸
	肝腫大	冷汗	喘鳴
	頚静脈怒張	皮膚蒼白	泡沫痰
	腹水	チアノーゼ	血痰
	黄疸	乏尿・無尿	チアノーゼ
	チアノーゼ	血圧低下	肺野ラ音
		不穏	胸水
		意識低下
心臓の身体所見	心拡大、P2亢進	心拡大、S3亢進、奔馬調律、機械的交互脈、僧帽弁閉鎖不全症、頻脈、脈圧低下

急性期症状		慢性期症状