WordNet

part with a possession or right; "I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest"; "resign a claim to the throne" (同)relinquish, resign, free, give_up
a process that liberates or discharges something; "there was a sudden release of oxygen"; "the release of iodine from the thyroid gland"
a device that when pressed will release part of a mechanism (同)button
activity that frees or expresses creative energy or emotion; "she had no other outlet for her feelings"; "he gave vent to his anger" (同)outlet, vent
(music) the act or manner of terminating a musical phrase or tone (同)tone ending
a formal written statement of relinquishment (同)waiver, discharge
merchandise issued for sale or public showing (especially a record or film); "a new release from the London Symphony Orchestra"
release (gas or energy) as a result of a chemical reaction or physical decomposition (同)free, liberate
admit as valid; "The court sustained the motion"
supply with necessities and support; "She alone sustained her family"; "The money will sustain our good cause"; "Theres little to earn and many to keep" (同)keep, maintain
maintained at length without interruption or weakening; "sustained flight"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(束縛・義務などから)〈人・動物など〉‘を'『自由にする』,解放する《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / 〈矢など〉‘を'放つ,〈爆弾〉‘を'投下する;〈締めつけた物〉‘を'ゆるめて放す / 〈ニュースなど〉‘を'発表する;〈レコード・書籍など〉‘を'発売する,〈映画〉‘を'封切りする / (人に)〈権利など〉‘を'譲渡する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (束縛・義務などからの)『解放』,放免,免除《+『from』+『名』》 / (ガスなどの)放出;(爆弾の)投下;(感情の)吐露《+『of』(『to』)+『名』》 / (ニュースなどの)発表;(映画などの)封切り,(レコードなどの)発表 / (機械の)作動装置,レリーズ
…‘を'『持続する』,続けてする / 〈人〉‘を'『元気づける』 / 〈家族など〉‘を'『養う』 / 《文》(物が下から)…‘を'『支える』 / 〈損害・傷害など〉‘を'『受ける』,こうむる / 〈苦難など〉‘に'耐える,耐え抜く / (法的に)…‘を'認める / …‘を'立証する,確証する
持続した,一様の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/12 10:31:00」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

"Continuous release" redirects here. For the software development practice, see Continuous integration.

Time release technology (also known as sustained-release (SR), sustained-action (SA), extended-release (ER, XR, XL), timed-release (TR), controlled-release (CR), modified release (MR), or continuous-release (Contin)) is a mechanism used in pill tablets or capsules to dissolve a drug over time in order to be released slower and steadier into the bloodstream while having the advantage of being taken at less frequent intervals than immediate-release (IR) formulations of the same drug.

Today, most time-release drugs are formulated so that the active ingredient is embedded in a matrix of insoluble substance(s) (various: some acrylics, even chitin; these substances are often patented) such that the dissolving drug must find its way out through the holes in the matrix. Some drugs are enclosed in polymer-based tablets with a laser-drilled hole on one side and a porous membrane on the other side. Stomach acids push through the porous membrane, thereby pushing the drug out through the laser-drilled hole. In time, the entire drug dose releases into the system while the polymer container remains intact, to be excreted later through normal digestion.

In some SR formulations, the drug dissolves into the matrix, and the matrix physically swells to form a gel, allowing the drug to exit through the gel's outer surface.

Micro-encapsulation is also regarded as a more complete technology to produce complex dissolution profiles. Through coating an active pharmaceutical ingredient around an inert core, and layering it with insoluble substances to form a microsphere you are able to obtain more consistent and replicable dissolution rates in a convenient format you can mix and match with other instant release pharmaceutical ingredients in to any two piece gelatin capsule.

There are certain considerations for the formation of sustained-release formulation:

If the active compound has a long half-life (over 6 hours), it is sustained on its own.
If the pharmacological activity of the active compound is not related to its blood levels, time releasing has no purpose.
If the absorption of the active compound involves an active transport, the development of a time-release product may be problematic.
Finally, if the active compound has a short half-life, it would require a large amount to maintain a prolonged effective dose. In this case, a broad therapeutic window is necessary to avoid toxicity; otherwise, the risk is unwarranted and another mode of administration would be recommended.

Pill splitting[edit]

Empty half-shell of a split Bupropion XL 150mg manufactured by Anchen Pharmaceuticals that was soaked in water overnight and then shaken.

Some time release formulations do not work properly if split, such as controlled-release tablet coatings, while other formulations such as micro-encapsulation still work if the microcapsules inside are swallowed whole.^[1]^[2]

References[edit]

^ http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/100004842.html
^ Vranić, E; Uzunović, A (2009 Aug). "Influence of splitting on dissolution properties of metoprolol tablets.". Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences / Udruzenje basicnih mediciniskih znanosti = Association of Basic Medical Sciences 9 (3): 245–9. PMID 19754482.

UpToDate Contents

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Wang Y1, Ding Y2, Li L1, Hu P3.
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Japanese Journal

Novel collagen/gelatin scaffold with sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor: clinical trial for chronic skin ulcers.

Morimoto Naoki,Yoshimura Kenichi,Niimi Miyuki,Ito Tatsuya,Aya Rino,Fujitaka Junpei,Tada Harue,Teramukai Satoshi,Murayama Toshinori,Toyooka Chikako,Miura Kazumi,Takemoto Satoru,Kanda Norikazu,Kawai Katsuya,Yokode Masayuki,Shimizu Akira,Suzuki Shigehiko
Tissue engineering. Part A 19(17-18), 1931-1940, 2013-07-26
… We have developed a novel artificial dermis, collagen/gelatin sponge (CGS), which is capable of sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for more than 10 days. …
NAID 120005312059

Efficacy of the controlled release of concentrated platelet lysate from a collagen/gelatin scaffold for dermis-like tissue regeneration.

Ito Ran,Morimoto Naoki,Pham Liem Hieu,Taira Tsuguyoshi,Kawai Katsuya,Suzuki Shigehiko
Tissue engineering. Part A 19(11-12), 1398-1405, 2013-04-00
… Introduction: A collagen/gelatin scaffold (CGS) can provide a sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which promotes wound healing. … Results: Our release experiments revealed that PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 were released from CGS incubated with collagenase in a sustained manner. …
NAID 120005244932

The efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation using flat-panel detector angiographic CT for hepatocellular carcinoma

加藤慶三,安達哲史,立花浩幸,佐藤祥之,井家麻紀子,戸田剛太郎,島田紀朋
肝臓 54(1), 87-91, 2013
… After transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or infusion chemotherapy using miriplatin as a sustained-release suspension in iodized oil and/or gelatin sponge, we performed RFA. …
NAID 130003368657

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「徐放性」「controlled-release」
拡張検索	「sustained-release preparation」「sustained-release tablet」
関連記事	「sustain」「sustained」「release」「sustained release」