WordNet

rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face upward
turn (the hand or forearm) so that the back is downward or backward, or turn out (the leg)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/29 09:52:04」(JST)

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Supination is a position of either the forearm or foot. It is the opposite of pronation.

Supination of the forearm occurs when the forearm or palm face to the front (anteriorly) of the body. This action is performed by the biceps brachii and the supinator muscle. The arm is supine when in the anatomical position,^[1] and the supine position is also used when taking blood pressure.

Supination of the foot occurs when the foot rolls outwards, placing most of the weight onto the outside of the foot and raising the arch. It is a compound movement that combines adduction, inversion, and plantar flexion.

History[edit]

Supination of the forearm being attributed to a function of the brachioradialis muscle was originally hypothesized by Leonardo da Vinci. He expressed the original idea of the biceps acting as a supinator in a series of annotated drawings made between 1505 and 1510 (referred to as his Milanese period); in which the principle of the biceps as a supinator, as well as its role as a flexor to the elbow were devised. However, this function remained undiscovered by the medical community as da Vinci was not regarded as a teacher of anatomy, nor were his results publicly released.

It was not until 1713 that this movement was re-discovered by William Cheselden, and subsequently recorded for the medical community. It was rewritten several times by different authors wishing to present information to different audiences. The most notable recent expansion upon Cheselden's recordings was written by Guillaume Duchenne in 1867, in a journal named Physiology of Motion. To this day it remains one of the major references on supination action of the biceps brachii.

Fitness[edit]

When running or walking, oversupination (also referred to as hyperpronation or underpronation) causes increased lateral rotation force to be placed on the shin, knee, and thigh, putting stress on the muscles, tendons and ligaments of the lower limb. ^[2] It can also cause a person to appear "bow-legged," with their weight supported primarily on the lateral side of their feet (5th Metatarsal).

References[edit]

^ Basic Human Anatomy, A Regional Study of Human Structure, Ronan O'Rahilly, M.D., Fabiola Müller, Dr. rer. nat., Stanley Carpenter, Ph.D., Rand Swenson, D.C., M.D., Ph.D. Copyright O'Rahilly 2008, Chapter 9: The Arm and Elbow
^ Basic Human Anatomy, A Regional Study of Human Structure, Ronan O'Rahilly, M.D., Fabiola Müller, Dr. rer. nat., Stanley Carpenter, Ph.D., Rand Swenson, D.C., M.D., Ph.D. Copyright O'Rahilly 2008, Chapter 9: The Arm and Elbow

External links[edit]

Look up supinate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Anatomy at Dartmouth elbow/surface/surface6
Supination at eMedicine Dictionary
Supination at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における肘痛の評価 evaluation of elbow pain in adults
2. 手首の解剖学および基本的な生体力学 anatomy and basic biomechanics of the wrist
3. 若年アスリートにおける足部および足関節の疼痛評価 evaluation of foot and ankle pain in the young athlete
4. 肘および手首の尺骨神経障害 ulnar neuropathy at the elbow and wrist
5. 二頭筋腱障害および腱断裂 biceps tendinopathy and tendon rupture

English Journal

Subjective and objective results of arthroscopic debridement of ulnar-sided TFCC (Palmer type 1B) lesions with stable distal radio-ulnar joint.

Cardenas-Montemayor E, Hartl JF, Wolf MB, Leclère FM, Dreyhaupt J, Hahn P, Unglaub F.SourceHand Surgery, Vulpius Klinik, Vulpiusstrasse 29, 74906, Bad Rappenau, Germany.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.2013 Feb;133(2):287-93. doi: 10.1007/s00402-012-1643-z. Epub 2012 Nov 11.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine functional and subjective results of patients who received arthroscopic debridement for their TFCC Palmer 1B lesions and to compare their results with those of arthroscopic suture repair.METHODS: Between March 2007 and August 2011, 36 patients were
PMID 23143290

Arthroscopic reconstruction of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) with tendon graft for chronic DRUJ instability.

Tse WL, Lau SW, Wong WY, Cheng HS, Chow CS, Ho PC, Hung LK.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: tse@ort.cuhk.edu.hk.
Injury.Injury.2013 Jan 18. pii: S0020-1383(13)00021-1. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.01.009. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To report the 10-years' experience of a novel arthroscopic assisted anatomical TFCC reconstruction in treatment of chronic DRUJ instability resulting from irreparable TFCC injuries.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 patients (7 males, 8 females) with mean age of 37 (17-49) suffering from irreparable
PMID 23337702

Timed limb coordination performance is associated with walking speed in healthy older adults: A cross-sectional exploratory study.

Hollman JH, Conner MN, Goodman KA, Kremer KH, Petkus MT, Lanzino DJ.SourceDepartment of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Program in Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: hollman.john@mayo.edu.
Gait & posture.Gait Posture.2013 Jan 16. pii: S0966-6362(12)00469-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.12.014. [Epub ahead of print]
Walking speed reflects quality of life, health status and physical function in older adults but interpreting measures of walking speed is affected by several confounders such as gender, age and height. Additionally, walking speed is influenced by neurologic conditions that impair limb coordination.
PMID 23332211

Japanese Journal

A study of structural foot deformity in stroke patients

Jang Gwon Uk,Kweon Mi Gyoug,Park Seol,Kim Ji Young,Park Ji Won
Journal of Physical Therapy Science 27(1), 191-194, 2015
… Additionally, a greater change in the location of the calcaneus was associated with greater supination of the overall foot. …
NAID 130004835102

ロボティックデバイスによる脳梗塞症例の上肢運動失調評価とその回復過程

青山敏之,金子文成,澤田辰徳,速水達也,青木信裕
理学療法学 41(7), 447-454, 2014-12-20
【目的】本研究の目的は,脳血管障害により上肢運動失調を呈した一症例について,運動学的評価指標を用いた経時的な回復過程を明らかにすることであった。【方法】症例は左中脳梗塞により右上肢運動失調を呈した72歳男性であり,回復期病院入院中の初期,中間(2週後),最終(4週後)に運動学的評価を実施した。課題はロボティックデバイスを用いた右上肢による水平面上での目標追従運動であり,目標物との座標誤差・速度誤差 …
NAID 110009900439