WordNet
- a means of surviving; "farming is a hard means of subsistence"
- minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting; "social security provided only a bare subsistence"
- the state of existing in reality; having substance
- farming that provides for the basic needs of the farmer without surpluses for marketing
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (特に,収入・食料が乏しいときに)(…に頼って)生きていく,暮らしていく《+on+名(doing)》;(…して)生きていく《+by doing》 / いまだに存在する,残っている
- 生きていくこと,生活;暮らし,生計
- 自家用農作物
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/15 20:46:25」(JST)
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A subsistence economy is a non-monetary economy which relies on natural resources to provide for basic needs, through hunting, gathering, and subsistence agriculture. "Subsistence" means supporting oneself at a minimum level; in a subsistence economy, economic surplus is minimal and only used to trade for basic goods, and there is no industrialization.[1][2]
In the history of the world, before the first cities, all humans lived in a subsistence economy. As urbanization, civilization, and division of labor spread, various societies moved to other economic systems at various times. Some remain relatively unchanged, ranging from uncontacted peoples, to poor areas of developing countries, to some cultures that choose to retain a traditional economy.
Capital can be generally defined as assets invested with the expectation that their value will increase, usually because there is the expectation of profit, rent, interest, royalties, capital gain or some other kind of return. However, this type of economy cannot usually become wealthy by virtue of the system, and instead requires further investments to stimulate economic growth. In other words, a subsistence economy only possesses enough goods to be used by a particular nation to maintain its existence and provides little to no surplus for other investments. Therefore, this type of economy aims to create economic stability so that capital can be accumulated and the inevitable economic surplus can be invested in other potentially lucrative business ventures.[citation needed]
Techniques[edit]
- Hunting and Gathering techniques, also known as Foraging:
- Artisan fishing — a term which particularly applies to coastal or island ethnic groups using traditional techniques for subsistence fishing.
- Cultivation:
- Horticulture — plant cultivation, based on the use of simple tools.
- Subsistence agriculture — agricultural cultivation involving continuous use of arable (crop) land, and is more labor-intensive than horticulture.
- Pastoralism, the raising of grazing animals:
- Pastoral nomadism — all members of the pastoral society follow the herd throughout the year.
- Transhumance or agro-pastoralism — part of the society follows the herd, while the other part maintains a home village.
- Ranch agriculture — non-nomadic pastoralism with a defined territory.
- Distribution and Exchange:
- Redistribution
- Reciprocity — exchange between social equals.
- Potlatching — a widely studied ritual in which sponsors (helped by their entourages) gave away resources and manufactured wealth while generating prestige for themselves.
- LETS — Local Exchange Trading Systems.
- A parasitical society, subsisting on the produce of a separate host society
- Raiding
- Conquest and taxation
- Garbage picking, when subsisting in a larger economy
See also[edit]
- Anthropological theories of value
- Staple food
- Society
References[edit]
- ^ http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/subsistence-economy.html
- ^ http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/sustecon/others/subsistence.htm Chief Seattle to President Pierce regarding sale of land
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- subsist とは ・該当件数 : 50件 ・データ提供 : EDP ※データの転載は禁じられています。 subsist の変化形・フレーズなど 変化形: subsists , subsisting, subsisted subsist の使い方と意味 subsist 【自動】 存在 ｛そんざい｝ する、存続 ...
- Recent Examples on the Web Being a vegetarian doesn't mean subsisting on steamed broccoli and bowls of pasta. — Sarah Jampel, Bon Appétit, "That Nut ... Comments on subsist What made you want to look up subsist? Please ...
- Future Perfect Continuous I will have been subsisting you will have been subsisting he/she/it will have been subsisting we will have been subsisting you will have ... Verb 1. subsist - support oneself; "he could barely exist on such a ...
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