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1. リンパ管フィラリア症の診断、治療、および予防 diagnosis treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis
2. リンパ管フィラリア症の疫学、病因、および臨床症状 epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis

English Journal

Susceptibility of eight species members in the Anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi.

Saeung A, Hempolchom C, Baimai V, Thongsahuan S, Taai K, Jariyapan N, Chaithong U, Choochote W.Author information Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.AbstractBACKGROUND: Filariasis, caused by Brugia malayi, is a public health problem in Thailand. Currently, at least two locations in southern Thailand are reported to be active endemic areas. Two and four Mansonia species are primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of the nocturnally subperiodic race, whereas, Coquillettidia crassipes is a vector of the diurnally subperiodic race. Although several Anopheles species have been incriminated extensively as natural and/or suspected vectors of B. malayi, little is known about vector competence between indigenous Anopheles and this filaria in Thailand. Thus, the susceptibility levels of eight species members in the Thai An. hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic B. malayi are presented herein, and the two main refractory factors that affect them in different degrees of susceptibility have been elucidated.
Parasites & vectors.Parasit Vectors.2013 Jan 4;6:5. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-5.
BACKGROUND: Filariasis, caused by Brugia malayi, is a public health problem in Thailand. Currently, at least two locations in southern Thailand are reported to be active endemic areas. Two and four Mansonia species are primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of the nocturnally subperiodic race,
PMID 23289957

Diurnally subperiodic filariasis in India-prospects of elimination: precept to action?

Shriram AN, Krishnamoorthy K, Saha BP, Roy A, Kumaraswami V, Shah WA, Jambulingam P, Vijayachari P.Author information Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Bag No. 13, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. shriraman@icmr.org.inAbstractThe elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands provides unique opportunities and challenges at the same time. Since these islands are remote, are sparsely populated, and have poor transport networks, mass drug administration programs are likely to be difficult to implement. Diurnally subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti vectored by Downsiomyia nivea was considered for the scope of vector control options. Considering the bioecology of this mosquito, vector control including personal protection measures may not be feasible. However, since these islands are covered by separate administrative machinery which also plays an important role in regulating the food supply, the use of diethylcarbamazine (DEC)-fortified salt as a tool for the interruption of transmission is appealing. DEC-fortified salt has been successfully pilot tested in India and elsewhere, operationally used by China for eliminating lymphatic filariasis. Administration of DEC-fortified salt though simple, rapid, safe, and cost-effective, challenges are to be tackled for translating this precept into action by evolving operationally feasible strategy. Although the use of DEC-fortified salt is conceptually simple, it requires commitment of all sections of the society, an elaborate distribution mechanism that ensures the use of DEC-fortified salt only in the endemic communities, and a vigorous monitoring mechanism. Here, we examine the inbuilt administrative mechanisms to serve the tribal people, health infrastructure, and public distribution system and discuss the prospects of putting in place an operationally feasible strategy for its elimination.
Parasitology research.Parasitol Res.2011 Jul;109(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s00436-011-2252-4. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
The elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands provides unique opportunities and challenges at the same time. Since these islands are remote, are sparsely populated, and have poor transport networks, mass drug administration programs are likely to be difficult to implemen
PMID 21286754

A review of the complexity of biology of lymphatic filarial parasites.

Paily KP, Hoti SL, Das PK.Author information Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Indira Nagar, Pondicherry, 605 006 India.AbstractThere are about five more common, including Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, and four less common filarial parasites infecting human. Genetic analysis of W. bancrofti populations in India showed that two strains of the species are prevalent in the country. The adult filarial parasites are tissue specific in the human host and their embryonic stage, called microfilariae (mf), are found in the blood or skin of the host, depending upon the species of the parasite. Three genetically determined physiological races exist in W. bancrofti and B. malayi, based on the microfilarial periodicity. They are the nocturnally periodic, nocturnally subperiodic and diurnally subperiodic forms. The susceptibility of a mosquito species to filarial infection depends on various factors, which could be genetic, physiological or physical. Survival analysis of Culex quinquefasciatus infected with W. bancrofti showed that the parasite load in the mosquito is a risk factor of vector survival. The extrinsic life cycle of the parasite is initiated when the mf are ingested by a mosquito vector during feeding on the host blood. On maturity, most of the infective L3 stage larvae migrate to the head and proboscis of the mosquito to get transmitted to the mammalian host during subsequent feeding. They develop to the adult L5 stage and the period of development and the longevity of the parasites varies according to the species of the nematode and the mammalian host. The rate of production of mf by the adult female was found to be stable at least for a period of five years. The life span of the mf has some influence on the dynamics of transmission of filariasis. Recent studies show that the endosymbiont, Wolbachia, plays an important role in the survival of filarial parasites. The possibility of in vitro and in vivo culture of filarial parasites is also reviewed.
Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology.J Parasit Dis.2009 Dec;33(1-2):3-12. doi: 10.1007/s12639-009-0005-4. Epub 2010 Feb 27.
There are about five more common, including Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, and four less common filarial parasites infecting human. Genetic analysis of W. bancrofti populations in India showed that two strains of the species are prevalent in the country. The adult filarial parasites are tis
PMID 23129882