関: submandibular ganglia、submandibular ganglion、submaxillary ganglia

WordNet

an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons

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神経節・ガングリオン，結節腫《主に手首にできる良性の嚢腫(のうしゆ)》・〔知的･産業的活動の〕中心，中枢〔of〕

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/17 23:48:10」(JST)

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The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. (The others are the otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and ciliary ganglion).

Location and relations

The submandibular ganglion is small and fusiform in shape. It is situated above the deep portion of the submandibular gland, on the hyoglossus muscle, near the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle.

The ganglion 'hangs' by two nerve filaments from the lower border of the lingual nerve (itself a branch of the mandibular nerve, CN V₃). It is suspended from the lingual nerve by two filaments, one anterior and one posterior. Through the posterior of these it receives a branch from the chorda tympani nerve which runs in the sheath of the lingual nerve.

Fibers

Like other parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck, the submandibular ganglion is the site of synapse for parasympathetic fibers and carries other types of nerve fiber that do not synapse in the ganglion. In summary, the fibers carried in the ganglion are:

Sympathetic fibers from the external carotid plexus, via the facial nerve and its branches. These do not synapse in this ganglion.
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus of the Pons, via the chorda tympani and lingual nerve, which synapse at this ganglion.
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the oral mucosa and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.They are secretomotor to these glands. Some of the postganglionic fibers reach the sublingual gland after they re-enter the lingual nerve.^[1]

Additional images

Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line.
Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.

References

^ I. B. Singh (2008). "The Facial Nerve". Essentials of Anatomy. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p. 395. ISBN 9788184484618.

External links

Anatomy figure: 27:03-10 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V, VII)
Autonomics of the Head and Neck - Page 9 of 14 anatomy module at med.umich.edu

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English Journal

Identification of neurons that express ghrelin receptors in autonomic pathways originating from the spinal cord.

Furness JB1, Cho HJ, Hunne B, Hirayama H, Callaghan BP, Lomax AE, Brock JA.Author information 1Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. j.furness@unimelb.edu.auAbstractFunctional studies have shown that subsets of autonomic preganglionic neurons respond to ghrelin and ghrelin mimetics and in situ hybridisation has revealed receptor gene expression in the cell bodies of some preganglionic neurons. Our present goal has been to determine which preganglionic neurons express ghrelin receptors by using mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the promoter for the ghrelin receptor (also called growth hormone secretagogue receptor). The retrograde tracer Fast Blue was injected into target organs of reporter mice under anaesthesia to identify specific functional subsets of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Cryo-sections were immunohistochemically stained by using anti-EGFP and antibodies to neuronal markers. EGFP was detected in nerve terminal varicosities in all sympathetic chain, prevertebral and pelvic ganglia and in the adrenal medulla. Non-varicose fibres associated with the ganglia were also immunoreactive. No postganglionic cell bodies contained EGFP. In sympathetic chain ganglia, most neurons were surrounded by EGFP-positive terminals. In the stellate ganglion, neurons with choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity, some being sudomotor neurons, lacked surrounding ghrelin-receptor-expressing terminals, although these terminals were found around other neurons. In the superior cervical ganglion, the ghrelin receptor terminals innervated subgroups of neurons including neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive neurons that projected to the anterior chamber of the eye. However, large NPY-negative neurons projecting to the acini of the submaxillary gland were not innervated by EGFP-positive varicosities. In the celiaco-superior mesenteric ganglion, almost all neurons were surrounded by positive terminals but the VIP-immunoreactive terminals of intestinofugal neurons were EGFP-negative. The pelvic ganglia contained groups of neurons without ghrelin receptor terminal innervation and other groups with positive terminals around them. Ghrelin receptors are therefore expressed by subgroups of preganglionic neurons, including those of vasoconstrictor pathways and of pathways controlling gut function, but are absent from some other neurons, including those innervating sweat glands and the secretomotor neurons that supply the submaxillary salivary glands.
Cell and tissue research.Cell Tissue Res.2012 Jun;348(3):397-405. doi: 10.1007/s00441-012-1405-9. Epub 2012 Apr 28.
Functional studies have shown that subsets of autonomic preganglionic neurons respond to ghrelin and ghrelin mimetics and in situ hybridisation has revealed receptor gene expression in the cell bodies of some preganglionic neurons. Our present goal has been to determine which preganglionic neurons e
PMID 22538519

A new assay for nerve fiber repulsion.

Fassold A1, Straub RH.Author information 1Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrino-Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.AbstractIn inflammatory lesions, sympathetic nerve fibers get lost soon after the start of inflammation. To be able to identify and examine the factors that are responsible for this repulsion of the sympathetic nerve fibers we established an in vitro assay. Sympathetic trunk ganglia of postnatal mice were used for the outgrowth of axons. They were plated on poly-D-lysine-coated culture slides. Axons were encouraged to grow out by the addition of nerve growth factor-7S (NGF) from murine submaxillary gland. Using live imaging it was clearly shown that SEMA3F is a nerve-repellent factor. Two different types of nerve fiber repulsion were observed. The assay turned out to be an excellent model for the investigation of axon guidance factors of sympathetic neurons (nerve fiber repulsion/nerve fiber attraction).
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.Ann N Y Acad Sci.2010 Apr;1193:43-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05295.x.
In inflammatory lesions, sympathetic nerve fibers get lost soon after the start of inflammation. To be able to identify and examine the factors that are responsible for this repulsion of the sympathetic nerve fibers we established an in vitro assay. Sympathetic trunk ganglia of postnatal mice were u
PMID 20398007

Rabies in apparently healthy dogs: histological and immunohistochemical studies.

Ajayi BB1, Rabo JS, Baba SS.Author information 1Department of Immunology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria.AbstractA slaughterhouse survey for rabies virus infection among apparently healthy dogs slaughtered for human consumption was carried out in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues (salivary gland, hippocampus, cerebrum, medulla, and trigeminal ganglion) were obtained from a total of 52 head samples from slaughtered dogs. The paraffin-embedded tissues were analysed histologically using the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) method for the presence of inclusion bodies and histochemically by streptavidin - biotin peroxidase staining method for detection of rabies virus antigens. Prior to fixation of tissue, impression smears were made from the hippocampus and stained by Sellers method to detect the presence of Negri bodies. Rabies virus antigen was detected in tissues from 16 (31% ) of the 52 dog heads. Histological diagnosis by H&E revealed various degrees of inflammatory changes in the salivary gland and brain tissues with few Negri bodies from 10 (19% ) of the 52 dogs tested. However, all tissues positive by H&E were also positive by immunoperoxidase method using the streptavidin- biotin peroxidase staining procedure. Ten (30% ) of the 33 male and 6 (32% ) of the 19 female dogs tested were positive for presence of rabies virus antigen. There was no significant difference between sexes in relation to rabies virus infection. The application of immunoperoxidase staining technique in the localization of rabies virus antigen in the submaxillary salivary gland was more sensitive (based on the relative number of positive tissues) when compared with the application of the method to other organs. Apparently healthy dogs may be important in the epidemiology and control of rabies in this environment.
The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal.Niger Postgrad Med J.2006 Jun;13(2):128-34.
A slaughterhouse survey for rabies virus infection among apparently healthy dogs slaughtered for human consumption was carried out in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues (salivary gland, hippocampus, cerebrum, medulla, and trigeminal ganglion) were obtained from a total
PMID 16794650

Japanese Journal

A comparative study of the localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide- and substance P-like immunoreactivities in the submandibular salivary glands of mice.

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歯科基礎医学会雑誌 31(6), 705-711, 1989
4～5週齢のBalb/c系雄マウスの顎下腺を用いて, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) とsubstance P (SP) の局在を各種のポリクロナール抗体を用いたPAP法および間接螢光抗体法から比較検索した。VIPおよびSP陽性物質はともにマウスの顎下腺に存在していた。VIP陽性物質は導管系周囲の神経叢, 腺房細胞を取り囲むように存在する散在性の小神 …
NAID 130004001624

DEPLETION OF CATECHOLAMINE BY RESERPINE IN THE INNERVATED AND DENERVATED SUBMAXILLARY GLANDS OF RATS

本庄俊
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 16(1), 1-9, 1966
… (1-3) in this laboratory have shown that the sympathetic stimulation of the submaxillary gland in dog, though produces a transiently mucinous secretion <I>per se</I>, depresses the profuse watery secretion caused by stimulation of the chorda tympani or intravenous injection of pilocarpine. … The submaxillary gland contains a relatively large amount of noradrenaline (4). …
NAID 130000836404

SUPPLEMENTARY STUDIES ON THE SITES OF ACTION OF PILOCARPINE

,
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 7(2), 94-103, 1958
… But Dale and Laidlaw (1), Marrazi (2) and Ambache (3) concluded that pilocarpine stimulated the superior cervical ganglion in the cat, based on the experimental results that the drug potentiated the contraction of the nictitating membrane and the postganglionic electrical potential in response to preganglionic sympathetic stimulation. …
NAID 130000841012

「submandibular ganglion」

Submandibular ganglion
	Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. (Submandibular ganglion visible at bottom left, but not labeled.)
	Parasympathetic connections of the submaxillary and superior cervical ganglia. (Submaxillary ganglion labeled at center right.)
Details
Innervates	submandibular gland, sublingual gland
Identifiers
Latin	ganglion submandibulare
Dorlands; /Elsevier	g_02/12385004
TA	A14.3.02.009
FMA	6966
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]