WordNet

treat gingerly or carefully; "You have to stroke the boss"
a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain (同)apoplexy, cerebrovascular_accident, CVA
(golf) the unit of scoring in golf is the act of hitting the ball with a club; "Nicklaus won by three strokes"
(sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand; "it took two strokes to get out of the bunker"; "a good shot requires good balance and tempo"; "he left me an almost impossible shot" (同)shot
a light touch with the hands (同)stroking
a single complete movement
any one of the repeated movements of the limbs and body used for locomotion in swimming or rowing
a light touch
a mark made on a surface by a pen, pencil, or paintbrush; "she applied the paint in careful strokes"
the oarsman nearest the stern of the shell who sets the pace for the rest of the crew
row at a particular rate
strike a ball with a smooth blow
touch lightly and repeatedly, as with brushing motions; "He stroked his long beard"
a relative amount; "mix one volume of the solution with ten volumes of water"
the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; "the gas expanded to twice its original volume"
the magnitude of sound (usually in a specified direction); "the kids played their music at full volume" (同)loudness, intensity
a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications; "the third volume was missing"; "he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review"
furnished with volumes; "a large room volumed with ancient books"
(often used in combination) consisting of or having a given number or kind of volumes; "the poets volumed works"; "a two-volumed history"; "multi-volumed encyclopedias"; "large-volumed editions"
formed or rising in rounded masses; "gasping with the volumed smoke"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(こぶし・武器・金づちなどの)『一打ち』,一撃,打告《+of+名》 / 《単数形で》(運の)巡り合わせ《+of+名》 / 《単数形で》(…の)ひと仕事,ひと働き;みごとな成果《+of+名》 / (鐘・時計などの)『打つ音』《+of+名》 / (時計などが打って示す)時刻 / (繰り返される動作・運動の)『一動作』,一行程 / (ペン・鉛筆・筆などの)ひと筆,ひとなで;筆の運び,筆致 / 卒中 / (ゴルフ・テニスなどの)一打ち,ストローク / (心臓などの)一打ち,鼓動,脈搏 / (ボートの)整調[手] / 〈ボート〉‘の'整調をこぐ / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈ボール〉‘を'打つ
〈髪・動物など〉‘を'なでる,さする / 〈人〉‘を'なだめる《+名+down, down+名》 / 一なで,一さすり
〈C〉(特に分厚い)『本』,書物 / 〈C〉(シリーズものの)『巻』,冊(《略》(単数形で)vol.,(複数形で)vols.) / 〈U〉(…の)『体積』,容積《+of+名》 / 〈U〉〈C〉)…の)『量』,かさ《+of+名》 / 〈U〉(…の)『音量』,音の強さ,ボリューム《+of+名》 / 《複数形で》多量(の…),たくさん(の…)《+of+名》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/02/06 00:00:14」(JST)

wiki en

In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat. SV is calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (called end-systolic volume) from the volume of blood just prior to the beat (called end-diastolic volume). The term stroke volume can apply to each of the two ventricles of the heart, although it usually refers to the left ventricle. The stroke volumes for each ventricle are generally equal, both being approximately 70 mL in a healthy 70-kg man.

Stroke volume is an important determinant of cardiac output, which is the product of stroke volume and heart rate, and is also used to calculate ejection fraction, which is stroke volume divided by end-diastolic volume. Because stroke volume decreases in certain conditions and disease states, stroke volume itself correlates with cardiac function.

Calculation

Example values in healthy 70-kg man
Measure view talk edit	Typical value	Normal range
end-diastolic volume (EDV)	120 mL^[1]^{[non-primary source needed]}	65–240 mL^[1]^{[non-primary source needed]}
end-systolic volume (ESV)	50 mL^[1]^{[non-primary source needed]}	16–143 mL^[1]^{[non-primary source needed]}
stroke volume (SV)	70 mL	55–100 mL
ejection fraction (E_f)	58%	55–70%^[2]
heart rate (HR)	75 bpm	60–100 bpm^[3]
cardiac output (CO)oo	5.25 L/minute	4.0–8.0 L/min^[4]

Its value is obtained by subtracting end-systolic volume (ESV) from end-diastolic volume (EDV) for a given ventricle.

In a healthy 70-kg man, EDV is approximately 120 mL and ESV is approximately 50 mL, giving a difference of 70 mL for the stroke volume.

"Stroke work" refers to the work, or pressure of the blood ("P") multiplied by the stroke volume.^[5]

Determinants

Men, on average, have higher stroke volumes than women due to the larger size of their hearts. However, stroke volume depends on several factors such as heart size, contractility, duration of contraction, preload (end-diastolic volume), and afterload.

Exercise

Prolonged aerobic exercise training may also increase stroke volume, which frequently results in a lower (resting) heart rate. Reduced heart rate prolongs ventricular diastole (filling), increasing end-diastolic volume, and ultimately allowing more blood to be ejected.

Preload

Stroke volume is intrinsically controlled by preload (the degree to which the ventricles are stretched prior to contracting). An increase in the volume or speed of venous return will increase preload and, through the Frank–Starling law of the heart, will increase stroke volume. Decreased venous return has the opposite effect, causing a reduction in stroke volume.

Afterload

Elevated afterload (commonly measured as the aortic pressure during systole) reduces stroke volume. Though not usually affecting stroke volume in healthy individuals, increased afterload will hinder the ventricles in ejecting blood, causing reduced stroke volume. Increased afterload may be found in aortic stenosis and arterial hypertension.

Stroke Volume Index

Similar to cardiac index, is a method of relating the stroke volume to the size of the person.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Schlosser, Thomas; Pagonidis, Konstantin; Herborn, Christoph U.; Hunold, Peter; Waltering, Kai-Uwe; Lauenstein, Thomas C.; Barkhausen, Jörg (2005). "Assessment of Left Ventricular Parameters Using 16-MDCT and New Software for Endocardial and Epicardial Border Delineation". Am J Roentgenol 184 (3): 765–73. doi:10.2214/ajr.184.3.01840765. PMID 15728595. Values:
- End-diastolic volume (left ventricular) – average 118 and a range of 68 – 239mL and
- End-systolic volume (left ventricular) – average 50.1 and range, 16 – 143 mL:
- Also, ejection fraction was estimated in this study to be average 59.9% ± 14.4%; range, 18 – 76%, but secondary source (see above) is used in this article instead.
^ O'Connor, Simon (2009). Examination Medicine (The Examination). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 41. ISBN 0-7295-3911-3.
^ Normal ranges for heart rate are among the narrowest limits between bradycardia and tachycardia. See the Bradycardia and Tachycardia articles for more detailed limits.
^ Edwards Lifesciences LLC > Normal Hemodynamic Parameters – Adult 2009
^ Katz, Arnold M. (2006). Physiology of the heart. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 337. ISBN 0-7817-5501-8.

Berne, Robert M., Levy, Matthew N. (2001). Cardiovascular Physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby. ISBN 0-323-01127-6.
Boron, Walter F., Boulpaep, Emile L. (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular and Molecular Approach. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.

External links

The Gross Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
The Determinants of Cardiac Output (online video)

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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「一回拍出量」「SV」「ventricular ejection fraction」
拡張検索	「left ventricular stroke volume」
関連記事	「volume」「stroke」

「一回拍出量」

　　[★]

英:stroke volume, SV
同: 一回心拍出量、1回拍出量、１回拍出量
関: 心拍出量

SV = EDV - ESV 
一回拍出量 = 拡張終期体積 - 収縮終期体積

拡張終期体積
end diastolic volume
EDV

収縮終期体積
end systolic volume
ESV

「SV」

　　[★]

「ventricular ejection fraction」

　　[★]

心室駆出率、心室駆出分画

関: stroke volume、ventricular end-diastolic volume

「left ventricular stroke volume」

　　[★]

同: SV, 左室一回拍出量

「volume」

　　[★]

n.

容積、体積、量、ボリューム、(書籍の)巻

関: amount、bulk、content、quantity

「stroke」

　　[★] 脳卒中　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

[Schlosser2005-1] Schlosser, Thomas; Pagonidis, Konstantin; Herborn, Christoph U.; Hunold, Peter; Waltering, Kai-Uwe; Lauenstein, Thomas C.; Barkhausen, Jörg (2005). "Assessment of Left Ventricular Parameters Using 16-MDCT and New Software for Endocardial and Epicardial Border Delineation". Am J Roentgenol 184 (3): 765–73. doi:10.2214/ajr.184.3.01840765. PMID 15728595. Values:

End-diastolic volume (left ventricular) – average 118 and a range of 68 – 239mL and

End-systolic volume (left ventricular) – average 50.1 and range, 16 – 143 mL:

Also, ejection fraction was estimated in this study to be average 59.9% ± 14.4%; range, 18 – 76%, but secondary source (see above) is used in this article instead.

[2] End-diastolic volume (left ventricular) – average 118 and a range of 68 – 239mL and

[3] End-systolic volume (left ventricular) – average 50.1 and range, 16 – 143 mL:

[4] Also, ejection fraction was estimated in this study to be average 59.9% ± 14.4%; range, 18 – 76%, but secondary source (see above) is used in this article instead.

[2] O'Connor, Simon (2009). Examination Medicine (The Examination). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 41. ISBN 0-7295-3911-3.

[3] Normal ranges for heart rate are among the narrowest limits between bradycardia and tachycardia. See the Bradycardia and Tachycardia articles for more detailed limits.

[edwards-4] Edwards Lifesciences LLC > Normal Hemodynamic Parameters – Adult 2009

[isbn0-7817-5501-8-5] Katz, Arnold M. (2006). Physiology of the heart. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 337. ISBN 0-7817-5501-8.

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案内

案内

stroke volume