WordNet
- a stopping place on a journey; "there is a stopover to change planes in Chicago" (同)way_station
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 旅行途上の短期滞在;立ち寄り先;途中下車
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/23 15:01:09」(JST)
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Buses layover at LACMTA’s Warner Center Transit Hub
In scheduled transportation, a layover (also stopover, way station, or connection) is a point where a vehicle stops, with passengers possibly changing vehicle. For urban buses services, this typically takes a few minutes at a bus stop, usually a timepoint, during which time passengers stay on the vehicle. For air travel, where layovers are longer, passengers will exit the vehicle and wait in the terminal.
Contents
- 1 Public transit
- 2 Rail and long-distance bus
- 3 Air
- 4 See also
- 5 References
Public transit
A layover for public transit is a short period of recovery time built into the schedule. Layovers are used to recover from delays caused by earlier traffic congestion or excess boarding times. During a layover there may also be a change of driver. As well as being used at the end of vehicle journeys, they can be scheduled at timing points during the journey. Layovers are often scheduled at busy stops, including bus stations. central locations and shopping malls.[1]
Rail and long-distance bus
A layover in long-distance travel by train or inter-city bus is a break that a passenger must take between vehicles in a multi-vehicle trip. It is the time spent at a terminal after leaving one vehicle and waiting to board the next. Many inter-city and international trips include layovers.
As in mass transit, a layover in long-distance travel may provide for a break taken by the operator. A vehicle is said to be laying over after it finishes its route and is waiting prior to a return trip, or else it is taking a break to change crews or for the crew to rest.
Air
In air travel, a stop or transfer (from one airplane to another) is considered to be a layover or connection up to a certain maximum allowed connecting time, and a stopover or break of journey otherwise. The maximum time depends on many variables, but for most U.S. and Canadian itineraries, it is 4 hours, and for most international itineraries (including any domestic stops), it is 24 hours. In general, layovers are cheaper than stopovers, because notionally layovers are incidental to traveling between two other points, whereas stopovers are among the traveler's destinations.[2][3][4]
See also
|
Look up layover in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
|
Look up stopover in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Bus terminus
- Transportation hub
References
- ^ Transit Glossary - Sacramento Regional Transit
- ^ Nicholas Kralev, Decoding Air Travel: A Guide to Saving on Airfare and Flying in Luxury, ISBn 146101543X, p. 23
- ^ International Air Transport Association, "Passenger Glossary of Terms", Excel spreadsheet
- ^ Airline Tariff Publishing Company, "Glossary" Connection Stopover
English Journal
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in birds from Chongming Island, Yangtze estuary, China: Insight into migratory behavior.
- Huang K, Lin K, Guo J, Zhou X, Wang J, Zhao J, Zhou P, Xu F, Liu L, Zhang W.SourceSchool of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China.
- Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2013 Jun;91(10):1416-25. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.042. Epub 2013 Feb 11.
- Sum-PBDEs concentrations in shorebirds and Anatidae ducks muscles from Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve ranged from 21-324 to 14-159ngg(-1) lw, respectively. PBDEs were detected in muscles of all the studied species. Compared with flyways around the world, migratory waterbirds on the East A
- PMID 23411092
- Corticosterone and migratory fueling in Northern wheatears facing different barrier crossings.
- Eikenaar C, Fritzsch A, Bairlein F.SourceInstitute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Electronic address: cas.eikenaar@ifv-vogelwarte.de.
- General and comparative endocrinology.Gen Comp Endocrinol.2013 Jun 1;186:181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.042. Epub 2013 Mar 18.
- Corticosterone, at baseline and moderately elevated levels, is thought to regulate energy mobilization during the predictable life-history cycle. In birds, corticosterone is known to be moderately elevated during migration, and some experiments on captive, but migratory active birds have shown that
- PMID 23518480
- Hemoglobin concentrations in waders vary with their strategies of migration: a comparative analysis.
- Minias P, Kaczmarek K, Włodarczyk R, Janiszewski T.SourceDepartment of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, University of Łódź, Banacha 1/3, 90-237, Łódź, Poland. pminias@op.pl
- Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol.2013 May;165(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.02.008. Epub 2013 Feb 17.
- The aim of this study was to determine whether blood oxygen capacity of waders varies with respect to migration at both inter-specific and individual level. To verify this hypothesis we measured hemoglobin concentration in 875 waders from 14 species during their autumn migration through central Pola
- PMID 23425637
Japanese Journal
- Satellite telemetry of the annual migration of Baikal Teal Anas formosa wintering at Katano-kamoike, Ishikawa, Japan
- Hydrological management in a restored wetland affects stopover ecology of Aquatic Warbler: the case of La Nava wetland, northern Spain
- Seasonality of the bird community in the Ogawa Forest Reserve, an old-growth deciduous forest in central Japan
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