関: stipulation

WordNet

a small leafy outgrowth at the base of a leaf or its stalk; usually occurring in pairs and soon shed
a restriction that is insisted upon as a condition for an agreement (同)specification
(law) an agreement or concession made by parties in a judicial proceeding (or by their attorneys) relating to the business before the court; must be in writing unless they are part of the court record; "a stipulation of fact was made in order to avoid del (同)judicial admission

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〈U〉規定,明記 / 〈C〉(…という)条件《+『that節』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/09 10:09:24」(JST)

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In botany, stipule (Latin stipula: straw, stalk) is a term coined by Linnaeus^[1] which refers to outgrowths borne on either side (sometimes just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). A pair of stipules is considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many species the stipules are inconspicuous or entirely absent (and the leaf is then termed exstipulate).

In some older botanical writing, the term "stipule" was used more generally to refer to any small leaves or leaf-parts, notably prophylls.^[2]

Stipules are morphologically variable and might appear as glands, scales, hairs, spines, or laminar (leaf-like) structures. A relationship exists between the anatomy of the stem node and the presence or absence of stipules: most plants with trilacunar nodes have stipules; species with unilacunar nodes lack stipules.^[3]

Types of stipules[edit]

Glandular stipule of Euphorbia pteroneura

Stipular spines on the mesquite tree (Prosopis pallida)

Fused together and leaf-like stipules of Alchemilla mollis

Leafy stipules at the base of a Rose leaf (Rosa canina)

Stipules building glandular hairs on Jatropha spicata

Stipules protecting young leaves of Carpinus betulus (European Hornbeam)

Stipular spine clusters of Euphorbia spectabilis

Stipular spines accompanied by prickles of Euphorbia didieroides

References[edit]

^ Concise English Dictionary Wordsworth Editions Ltd. 1994, ISBN 1-85326-328-1
^ Goebel, K.E.v. (1905/1969). Organography of plants, especially of the Archegoniatae and Spermaphyta. Part 2 Special organography. translated by I.B. Balfour. New York: Hofner publishing company. Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Sinnott, E. W. and I. W. Bailey (1914). "Investigations on the phylogeny of the angiosperms. 3. Nodal anatomy and the morphology of stipules". American Journal of Botany 1: 441–453.

General references[edit]

Esau, K. 1953. Plant Anatomy. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, London, Sidney. 767 pp.

External links[edit]

Stipules and stipels

English Journal

Change of shoot architecture during juvenile-to-adult phase transition in soybean.

Yoshikawa T, Ozawa S, Sentoku N, Itoh J, Nagato Y, Yokoi S.SourceGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan, ayoshika@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Planta.Planta.2013 Jul;238(1):229-37. doi: 10.1007/s00425-013-1895-z. Epub 2013 May 18.
Juvenile-to-adult phase change is an indispensable event which guarantees a successful life cycle. Phase change has been studied in maize, Arabidopsis and rice, but is mostly unknown in other species. Soybean/Fabaceae plants undergo drastic changes of shoot architecture at the early vegetative stage
PMID 23686337

The corona of the daffodil Narcissus bulbocodium shares stamen-like identity and is distinct from the orthodox floral whorls.

Waters MT, Tiley AM, Kramer EM, Meerow AW, Langdale JA, Scotland RW.SourceDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.Plant J.2013 May;74(4):615-25. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12150. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
The structural homology of the daffodil corona has remained a source of debate throughout the history of botany. Over the years it has been separately referred to as a modified petal stipule, stamen and tepal. Here we provide insights from anatomy and molecular studies to clarify the early developme
PMID 23406544

Auxin transport inhibitor induced low complexity petiolated leaves and sessile leaf-like stipules and architectures of heritable leaf and stipule mutants in Pisum sativum suggest that its simple lobed stipules and compound leaf represent ancestral forms in angiosperms.

Kumar A, Sharma V, Khan M, Hindala MR, Kumar S.SourceGenetical Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
Journal of genetics.J Genet.2013 Apr;92(1):25-61.
In angiosperms, leaf and stipule architectures are inherited species-specific traits. Variation in leaf and stipule sizes, and forms result from the interaction between abiotic and biotic stimuli, and gene regulatory network(s) that underlie the leaf and stipule developmental programme(s). Here, cor
PMID 23640405

Japanese Journal

About the Korean and Japan Broussonetia (Moraceae) (日韓比較民俗研究)

金茂烈,尹敬源,Park Hyunkuk
龍谷大学国際社会文化研究所紀要 (11), 255-258, 2009-06
… The plant has intermediate characters of the parent species in lamina size, stipule size and petiole length. …
NAID 120002857610

Seven Different Primary Trisomics in Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). I. Cytogenetic Characterisation

,
Cytologia : international journal of cytology 72(4), 385-396, 2007-12-25
… Among the phenotypic manifestations, modifications in leaflet morphology, stipule character and seed coat colour were specific for each of the seven types of trisomics. … Moreover, apical modification of leaflet, complete absence or occurrence of stipule in different forms and variations in floral morphology were also conspicuously different in different types. …
NAID 10019914485

中国-ヒマラヤ地域におけるイブキトラノオ属(タデ科)の新知見

宮本太,秋山忍,武素功,大場秀章
Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series B, Botany 28(4), 141-148, 2002-12
… sherei by the tubular stipule of the cauline leaves. …
NAID 110004702090