stigmatism

　 　 　

WordNet

1. (optics) condition of an optical system (as a lens) in which light rays from a single point converge in a single focal point
2. the condition of having or being marked by stigmata
3. normal eyesight

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/21 20:44:24」(JST)

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See also: Astigmatism and Astigmatism (eye)

In geometric optics, stigmatism refers to the image-formation property of an optical system which focuses a single point source in object space into a single point in image space. Two such points are called a stigmatic pair of the optical system. Many optical systems, even those exhibiting optical aberrations including astigmatism, have at least one stigmatic pair. Stigmatism is applicable only in the approximation provided by geometric optics. In reality, image formation is at best diffraction limited and point-like images are not possible.

References

• Korsch, Dietrich (1991). Reflective Optics. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-421170-4. 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 早産児における神経発達の長期的転帰 long term neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants

English Journal

• A systematic review of barriers to early presentation and diagnosis with breast cancer among black women.

• Jones CE1, Maben J, Jack RH, Davies EA, Forbes LJ, Lucas G, Ream E.Author information 1King's College London, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, London, UK.AbstractOBJECTIVE: To explore barriers to early presentation and diagnosis with breast cancer among black women.
• BMJ open.BMJ Open.2014 Feb 12;4(2):e004076. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004076.
• OBJECTIVE: To explore barriers to early presentation and diagnosis with breast cancer among black women.DESIGN: Systematic review.METHODS: We searched multiple bibliographic databases (January 1991-February 2013) for primary research, published in English, conducted in developed countries and invest
• PMID 24523424

• Efficacy and safety of an advanced formula silicone gel for prevention of post-operative scars.

• Medhi B1, Sewal RK, Kaman L, Kadhe G, Mane A.Author information 1Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India, drbikashus@yahoo.com.AbstractINTRODUCTION: Scar formation is a natural part of the healing process that occurs when the skin repairs wounds caused by burns, trauma, surgery or disease. The appearance of scars often leads to adverse psychological effects, loss of self-esteem and the associated stigmatism and diminished quality of life. Silicones are emerging as the standard treatment for prevention of a wide range of scars. The present study evaluated the safety and efficacy of an advanced formula topical silicone gel for prevention of post-operative hypertrophic and keloid scars.
• Dermatology and therapy.Dermatol Ther (Heidelb).2013 Dec;3(2):157-67. doi: 10.1007/s13555-013-0036-8. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
• INTRODUCTION: Scar formation is a natural part of the healing process that occurs when the skin repairs wounds caused by burns, trauma, surgery or disease. The appearance of scars often leads to adverse psychological effects, loss of self-esteem and the associated stigmatism and diminished quality o
• PMID 24254957

• From bench to bedside: review of gene and cell-based therapies and the slow advancement into phase 3 clinical trials, with a focus on Aastrom's Ixmyelocel-T.

• Bartel RL1, Booth E, Cramer C, Ledford K, Watling S, Zeigler F.Author information 1rbartel@aastrom.comAbstractThere is a large body of preclinical research demonstrating the efficacy of gene and cellular therapy for the potential treatment of severe (limb-threatening) peripheral arterial disease (PAD), including evidence for growth and transcription factors, monocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. While preclinical research has advanced into early phase clinical trials in patients, few late-phase clinical trials have been conducted. The reasons for the slow progression of these therapies from bench to bedside are as complicated as the fields of gene and cellular therapies. The variety of tissue sources of stem cells (embryonic, adult bone marrow, umbilical cord, placenta, adipose tissue, etc.); autologous versus allogeneic donation; types of cells (hematopoietic, mesenchymal stromal, progenitor, and mixed populations); confusion and stigmatism by the public and patients regarding gene, protein, and stem cell therapy; scaling of manufacturing; and the changing regulatory environment all contribute to the small number of late phase (Phase 3) clinical trials and the lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals. This review article provides an overview of the progression of research from gene therapy to the cellular therapy field as it applies to peripheral arterial disease, as well as the position of Aastrom's cellular therapy, ixmyelocel-T, within this field.
• Stem cell reviews.Stem Cell Rev.2013 Jun;9(3):373-83. doi: 10.1007/s12015-013-9431-x.
• There is a large body of preclinical research demonstrating the efficacy of gene and cellular therapy for the potential treatment of severe (limb-threatening) peripheral arterial disease (PAD), including evidence for growth and transcription factors, monocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. While prec
• PMID 23456574

• [Children orbital floor fracture: retrospective study, about 34 cases].

• Roul-Yvonnet F1, Tabchouri N, Cassier S, Constantinescu G, Vazquez MP, Picard A, Kadlub N.Author information 1Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et chirurgie plastique, hôpital d'enfants Armand-Trousseau, groupe hospitalier HUEP, 26 avenue du Docteur-Arnold-Netter, Paris cedex 12, France.AbstractINTRODUCTION: Orbital fractures represent 30 % of children facial fractures. Nausea and vomiting are more predictive of entrapment than local trauma stigmatisms. Entrapment and diplopia are more frequent in adults. Delay for surgery is unclear in literature varying from 6 hours to days. The aim of this study is to summarise the aspects of orbital floor fractures in children with regard to clinical and radiological presentation, management, and outcomes.
• Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique.Ann Chir Plast Esthet.2012 Jun;57(3):240-4. doi: 10.1016/j.anplas.2012.03.005. Epub 2012 May 8.
• INTRODUCTION: Orbital fractures represent 30 % of children facial fractures. Nausea and vomiting are more predictive of entrapment than local trauma stigmatisms. Entrapment and diplopia are more frequent in adults. Delay for surgery is unclear in literature varying from 6 hours to days. The aim of t
• PMID 22575771

Japanese Journal

• マオリのタトゥー、モコの断絶と復興 : 彫師の語りを中心に

• 秦 玲子
• 日本ニュージーランド学会誌 18, 53-66, 2011-06-18
• … The key aspect of the revitalization is detaching "Maori Moko" from marginality or stigmatism of "tattoo", which is also parallel to making more positive public view on Maori. … The people who got rid of the stigmatism from Moko are the artists who came in the late 1980s-90s from Maori Arts. …
• NAID 110008673784

• PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF GINSENG SAPONIN IN STRESS MICE

• KITA TOMITARO,HATA TAEKO,KAWASHIMA YUJI,KAKU TENMIN,ITOH EIJI
• Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics 4(6), 381-393, 1981-06-00
• … The former compounds have a weak analgesic action, and may improve some symptoms of vegetative stigmatism caused by SART stress and RWIS. …
• NAID 110003636149

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• n.

• 非点収差、乱視