WordNet

separating the notes; in music; "play this staccato, please"
(music) marked by or composed of disconnected parts or sounds; cut short crisply; "staccato applause"; "a staccato command"; "staccato notes" (同)disconnected

PrepTutorEJDIC

(音楽で)スタッカートの,断音の / スタッカートで,断音的に / スタッカート奏法;スタッカートの楽節(楽句)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/21 21:04:32」(JST)

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For other uses, see Staccato (disambiguation).

Staccato.

Diatonic scale on C, staccato. Play (help·info)

Staccato (Italian for detached) is a form of musical articulation. In modern notation it signifies a note of shortened duration,^[1]^[2] separated from the note that may follow by silence.^[3] It has been described by theorists and appeared in music since the 18th century.

Notation

In 20th-century music, a dot placed above or below a note indicates that it should be played staccato, and a wedge is used for the more emphatic staccatissimo. However, before 1850, dots, dashes, and wedges were all likely to have the same meaning, even though some theorists from as early as the 1750s distinguished different degrees of staccato through the use of dots and dashes, with the dash indicating a shorter, sharper note, and the dot a longer, lighter one. A number of signs came to be used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to discriminate more subtle nuances of staccato. These signs involve various combinations of dots, vertical and horizontal dashes, vertical and horizontal wedges, and the like, but attempts standardize these signs have not generally been successful.^[4] This does not, however, alter the rhythm of the music and the remainder of the time allotted for each staccato note is played as rest. The opposite musical articulation of staccato is legato, signifying long and continuous notes.^[5]

The scope of the staccato dot:

In the first measure, the pairs of notes are in the same musical part since they are on a common stem. The staccato applies to both notes of the pairs. In the second measure, the pairs of notes are stemmed separately indicating two different parts, so the staccato applies only to the upper note.

A dot indicating staccato articulation is not to be confused with a dotted note.

Playing staccato is the opposite of playing legato. A staccato passage for strings is by definition a bowed rather than a pizzicato technique, though pizzicato itself might be thought of as a kind of staccato effect. For example, Leroy Anderson's Jazz Legato/Jazz Pizzicato. There is an intermediate articulation called either mezzo staccato or non-legato.

Audio examples

	Music played without staccato The same music played staccato
Problems listening to these files? See media help.

References

^ Willi Apel, Harvard Dictionary of Music, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1960), p. 708.
^ Michael Kennedy, ed., The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music, third edition, (Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 617.
^ Geoffrey Chew, "Staccato", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).
^ Geoffrey Chew, "Staccato", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).
^ Kennedy, Michael, and Joyce Bourne. “Staccato.” The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).

External links

Look up staccato in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Basic Music Theory Neil V. Hawes, organist and choirmaster of St. Mary's Church, Osterley
Staccato - video example of staccato playing

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日英語リズムの比較分析

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Related Pictures

Image search: Staccato Staccato 112 Figura 2. Ejemplos de staccato . File:Diatonic scale on C staccato.png Staccato Resonance Therapy Description Staccato (PSF).png Staccato - Wolky File:Staccato E.svg

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「百日咳」

　　[★]

英: pertussis
ラ: pertussis
同: whooping cough, tussis convulsiva
関: レプリーゼ、細菌、マイコプラズマ肺炎

概念

五類感染症。<定点>小児科定点(週)。
学校伝染病

病原菌

ボルデテラ属百日咳菌(Bordetella pertussis)：グラム陰性桿菌

潜伏期

7-21日

感染期間

SPE.362

カタル期～第4週まで　→　抗菌薬投与により感染期間を抗菌薬投与後5日間に短縮できる。

症候

発熱を欠く

カタル期：1-2週間：伝染力が強い。鼻汁、咳などの普通感冒様症状が次第に増悪。検査上、白血球増多が見られる
痙咳期：2-6週間：レプリーゼ(連続した咳(staccato)と吸気時の笛音(whoop))。咳発作は夜間に強い。乳児期には無呼吸発作。百日咳顔貌(顔面紅潮、眼瞼浮腫、結膜充血)。重症化で百日咳脳症
回復期：2-3週間：特有の咳が弱まってくる。

合併症

肺炎、無気肺、中耳炎、脳症

検査

血液検査：末梢血白血球増多(リンパ球優位)、CRP正常
画像検査

胸部単純X線写真：異常なし

診断

確定診断：喀痰・後鼻腔の擦過検体で百日咳菌の分離培養、PCR法による同定、あるいはペア血清による免疫血液学検査による。

鑑別疾患

乳幼児の場合：急性細気管支炎、気管支喘息、クループ症候群、気管支異物

治療

薬物療法：

マクロライド系抗菌薬(エリスロマイシンが第一選択)を7-14日間。カタル期の投与により咳発作を軽減できる。痙咳期の投与により感染期間を5日に短縮できる。(SPE.393)
エリスロマイシンの他、アジスロマイシン、クラリスロマイシン、テトラサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン、ST合剤も用いられる。

PED.596

クラリスロマイシン：2week 10mg/kg →　圧倒的な抗菌力を有する
セフジトレン

SPE.363

マクロライド系抗菌薬を7-14日間投与。カタル期から投与すると咳発作を軽減でき、痙咳期の投与により感染期間を5日間に短縮できる。

感染経路

飛沫感染

予防接種

ワクチン：コンポーネントワクチン
スケジュール：1歳までに3回接種(3ヶ月、4ヶ月、6ヶ月頃？)、2歳前後(1歳半)でさらに1回接種。 (参考1)

参考

1. 日本の定期/任意予防接種スケジュール(20歳未満)

http://idsc.nih.go.jp/vaccine/dschedule/Imm11-01JP.gif

国試

101A057

[1] Willi Apel, Harvard Dictionary of Music, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1960), p. 708.

[2] Michael Kennedy, ed., The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music, third edition, (Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 617.

[3] Geoffrey Chew, "Staccato", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).

[4] Geoffrey Chew, "Staccato", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).

[5] Kennedy, Michael, and Joyce Bourne. “Staccato.” The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).

匿名

検索

案内

案内

staccato