spout

WordNet

an opening that allows the passage of liquids or grain
a tornado passing over water and picking up a column of water and mist
a channel through which water is discharged (especially one used for drainage from the gutters of a roof)
a spouting whale
an oil well that is spouting

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈水・煙など〉‘を'吹き出す / 〈意見など〉‘を'とうとうと述べる(まくしたてる) / 〈水・煙などか〉吹き出る,噴出する《+『out』》 / とうとうとまくしたてる / (やかん・ポンプなどの)口,噴出口 / (液体などの)噴出,ほとばしり《+『of』+『名』》
拝水管(口),雨どい / たつ巻

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/10 04:24:13」(JST)

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1. 傍ストーマヘルニア parastomal hernia
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3. 患者教育：離乳（詳細） weaning from breastfeeding beyond the basics

English Journal

The amphetamine sensitization model of schizophrenia symptoms and its effect on schedule-induced polydipsia in the rat.

Hawken ER1, Beninger RJ.Author information 1Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6, erhawken@gmail.com.AbstractRATIONALE: Amphetamine enhances dopamine (DA) transmission and induces psychotic states or exacerbates psychosis in at-risk individuals. Amphetamine sensitization of the DA system has been proposed as a rodent model of schizophrenia-like symptoms. In humans, excessive nonphysiologic drinking or primary polydipsia is significantly associated with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. In rodents, nonphysiologic drinking can be induced by intermittent presentation of food in the presence of a drinking spout to a hungry animal; this phenomenon is termed, "schedule-induced polydipsia" (SIP).
Psychopharmacology.Psychopharmacology (Berl).2014 May;231(9):2001-8. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3345-9. Epub 2013 Nov 16.
RATIONALE: Amphetamine enhances dopamine (DA) transmission and induces psychotic states or exacerbates psychosis in at-risk individuals. Amphetamine sensitization of the DA system has been proposed as a rodent model of schizophrenia-like symptoms. In humans, excessive nonphysiologic drinking or prim
PMID 24241687

Maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation reduces the appetitive behavioral component in female offspring tested in a brief-access taste procedure.

Treesukosol Y1, Sun B, Moghadam AA, Liang NC, Tamashiro KL, Moran TH.Author information 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland.AbstractMaternal high-fat diet appears to disrupt several energy balance mechanisms in offspring. Here, female offspring from dams fed a high-fat diet (HF) did not significantly differ in body weight compared with those fed chow (CHOW), when weaned onto chow diet. Yet when presented with both a chow and a high-fat diet, high-fat intake was significantly higher in HF compared with CHOW offspring. To assess taste-based responsiveness, offspring (12 wk old) were tested in 30-min sessions (10-s trials) to a sucrose concentration series in a brief-access taste test. Compared with CHOW, the HF offspring initiated significantly fewer trials but did not significantly differ in the amount of concentration-dependent licking. Thus, rather than affect lick response (consummatory), maternal diet affects spout approach (appetitive), which may be attributed to motivation-related mechanisms. Consistent with this possibility, naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, further reduced trial initiation, but not licking in both groups. With naltrexone administration, the group difference in trial initiation was no longer evident, suggesting differences in endogenous opioid activity between the two groups. Relative expression of μ-opioid receptor in the ventral tegmental area was significantly lower in HF rats. When trial initiation was not required in one-bottle intake tests, no main effect of maternal diet on the intake of sucrose and corn oil emulsions was observed. Thus, the maternal high-fat diet-induced difference in diet preference is not likely due to changes in the sensory orosensory component of the taste stimulus but may depend on alterations in satiety signals or absorptive mechanisms.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.2014 Apr;306(7):R499-509. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00419.2013. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
Maternal high-fat diet appears to disrupt several energy balance mechanisms in offspring. Here, female offspring from dams fed a high-fat diet (HF) did not significantly differ in body weight compared with those fed chow (CHOW), when weaned onto chow diet. Yet when presented with both a chow and a h
PMID 24500433

Taste coding in the parabrachial nucleus of the pons in awake, freely licking rats and comparison with the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Weiss MS1, Victor JD, Di Lorenzo PM.Author information 1Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York; and.AbstractIn the rodent, the parabrachial nucleus of the pons (PbN) receives information about taste directly from the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Here we examined how information about taste quality (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) is conveyed in the PbN of awake, freely licking rats, with a focus on how this information is transformed from the incoming NTS signals. Awake rats with electrodes in the PbN had free access to a lick spout that delivered taste stimuli (5 consecutive licks; 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM citric acid, 0.01 mM quinine HCl, or 100 mM sucrose and water) or water (as a rinse) on a variable-ratio schedule. To assess temporal coding, a family of metrics that quantifies the similarity of two spike trains in terms of spike count and spike timing was used. PbN neurons (n = 49) were generally broadly tuned across taste qualities with variable response latencies. Some PbN neurons were quiescent during lick bouts, and others, some taste responsive, showed time-locked firing to the lick pattern. Compared with NTS neurons, spike timing played a larger role in signaling taste in the first 2 s of the response, contributing significantly in 78% (38/49) of PbN cells compared with 45% of NTS cells. Also, information from temporal coding increased at a faster rate as the response unfolded over time in PbN compared with NTS. Collectively, these data suggest that taste-related information from NTS converges in the PbN to enable a subset of PbN cells to carry a larger information load.
Journal of neurophysiology.J Neurophysiol.2014 Apr;111(8):1655-70. doi: 10.1152/jn.00643.2013. Epub 2013 Dec 31.
In the rodent, the parabrachial nucleus of the pons (PbN) receives information about taste directly from the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Here we examined how information about taste quality (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) is conveyed in the PbN of awake, freely licking rats, with a focus o
PMID 24381029

The structure of Rv2372c identifies an RsmE-like methyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Kumar A, Kumar S, Taneja B.Author information Structural Biology Unit, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India.AbstractU1498 of 16S rRNA plays an important role in translation fidelity as well as in antibiotic response. U1498 is present in a methylated form in the decoding centre of the ribosome. In this study, Rv2372c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been identified as an RsmE-like methyltransferase which specifically methylates U1498 of 16S rRNA at the N3 position and can complement RsmE-deleted Escherichia coli. The crystal structure of Rv2372c has been determined, and reveals that the protein belongs to a distinct class in the SPOUT superfamily and exists as a dimer. The deletion of critical residues at the C-terminus of Rv2372c leads to an inability of the protein to form stable dimers and to abolition of the methyltransferase activity. A ternary model of Rv2372c with its cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and the 16S rRNA fragment (1487)16S rRNA(1510) helps to identify binding pockets for SAM (in the deep trefoil knot) and substrate RNA (at the dimer interface) and suggests an S(N)2 mechanism for the methylation of N3 of U1498 in 16S rRNA.
Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography.Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr.2014 Mar;70(Pt 3):821-32. doi: 10.1107/S1399004713033555. Epub 2014 Feb 22.
U1498 of 16S rRNA plays an important role in translation fidelity as well as in antibiotic response. U1498 is present in a methylated form in the decoding centre of the ribosome. In this study, Rv2372c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been identified as an RsmE-like methyltransferase which specif
PMID 24598751

Japanese Journal

画像特徴量による移動式マニピュレータの位置決め制御

栗田寛樹,飯田訓久,趙元在 [他],村主勝彦
システム制御情報学会論文誌 28(3), 85-90, 2015
… Based on SURF, the robot locates the wagon and positions its auger spout at an appropriate point over the wagon. … Experimental results showed that the combine robot was able to position its auger spout at the predetermined target point with tolerable accuracy. …
NAID 130005076079

Efficient searching for grain storage container by combine robot

Kurita Hiroki,Iida Michihisa,Suguri Masahiko,Masuda Ryohei,Cho Wonjae
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 7(3), 109-114, 2014-07
… The results showed that the combine robot efficiently searched for and detected the marker and positioned its spout at the target point over the container to unload the grain. …
NAID 120005466696

富士火山,太郎坊に露出する新期スコリア層の全岩化学組成 : 富士黒土層形成期付近を境とするマグマ供給系の変化

金子隆之,安田敦,嶋野岳人,吉本充宏,藤井敏嗣
火山 59(2), 41-54, 2014-06-30
… In the Younger stage (5,600yrsBP〜), however, it became to spout occasionally andesitic or dacitic materials to be involved in air-fall deposits or pyroclastic flows, such as, Hoei scoria or Osawa pyroclastic flows. …
NAID 110009829299

画像特徴量にもとづくカメラ姿勢推定による移動式2自由度マニピュレータの位置決め制御

栗田寛樹,飯田訓久,趙元在,村主勝彦
研究報告コンピュータビジョンとイメージメディア（CVIM） 2014-CVIM-191(27), 1-6, 2014-02-24
… Based on SURF, the robot locates the wagon and positions its auger spout at an appropriate point over the wagon. … Experimental results showed that the combine robot was able to position its auger spout at the predetermined target point with tolerable accuracy. …
NAID 110009673577

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