関: fertile leaf、fertile leaves

WordNet

leaf in ferns and mosses that bears the sporangia (同)sporophyl
in non-flowering plants, a sporophyll that bears only microsporangia
in non-flowering plants, a sporophyll that bears only megasporangia

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/10 08:27:31」(JST)

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The sporophyll of a fern. It is a fertile leaf bearing reproductive structures.

A sporophyll is a leaf that bears sporangia. Both microphylls and megaphylls can be sporophylls. In heterosporous plants, sporophylls (whether they are microphylls or megaphylls) bear either megasporangia and thus are called megasporophylls, or microsporangia and are called microsporophylls. The overlap of the prefixes and roots makes these terms a particularly confusing subset of botanical nomenclature.

Sporophylls vary greatly in appearance and structure, and may or may not look similar to sterile leaves. Plants that produce sporophylls include:

Alaria esculenta a brown alga shows sporophylls attached near the base of the alga.^[1]

Lycophytes, where sporophylls may be aggregated into strobili (Selaginella and some Lycopodium and related genera) or distributed singly among sterile leaves (Huperzia). Sporangia are borne in the axil or on the adaxial surface of the sporophyll. In heterosporous members, megasporophylls and microsporophylls may be intermixed or separated in a variety of patterns.

Ferns, which may produce sporophylls that are similar to sterile fronds or that appear very different from sterile fronds. These may be non-photosynthetic and lack typical pinnae (e.g. Onoclea)

Cycads produce strobili, both pollen-producing and seed-producing, that are composed of sporophylls.

Ginkgo produces microsporophylls aggregated into a pollen strobilus. Ovules are not born on sporophylls.

Conifers, like Ginkgo and cycads, produce microsporophylls, aggregated into pollen strobili. However, unlike these other groups, ovules are produced on cone scales, which are modified shoots rather than sporophylls.

Some plants do not produce sporophylls. Sporangia are produced directly on stems. Psilotum has been interpreted as producing sporangia (fused in a synangium) on the terminus of a stem. Equisetum always produce strobili, but the structures bearing sporangia (sporangiophores) have been interpreted as modified stems. The sporangia, despite being recurved are interpreted as terminal.

Gnetophytes produce both compound pollen and seed strobili.

References

C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Fern. Encyclopedia of Earth. National council for Science and the Environment. Washington, DC

^ Dickson, Carola I. 1963. British Seaweeds. The Kew Series.

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English Journal

In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Ethanol Extract Prepared From Sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Nishibori N, Itoh M, Kashiwagi M, Arimochi H, Morita K.SourceLaboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Shikoku Junior College, Ohjin, Tokushima, 771-1192, Japan.
Phytotherapy research : PTR.Phytother Res.2011 May 20. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3527. [Epub ahead of print]
Brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar is popular as a foodstuff, and used for medical care in East Asian countries. The major components of this seaweed are shown to benefit hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and considered to reduce the risks of infarction and ischemic diseases. Further
PMID 21604310

Permian ginkgophyte fossils from the Dolomites resemble extant O-ha-tsuki aberrant leaf-like fructifications of Ginkgo biloba L.

Fischer TC, Meller B, Kustatscher E, Butzmann R.SourceDepartment Biology I, Biocenter Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Groshadernerstrasse 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. thilo.fischer@biologie.uni-muenchen.de
BMC evolutionary biology.BMC Evol Biol.2010 Nov 3;10:337.
BACKGROUND: Structural elucidation and analysis of fructifications of plants is fundamental for understanding their evolution. In case of Ginkgo biloba, attention was drawn by Fujii in 1896 to aberrant fructifications of Ginkgo biloba whose seeds are attached to leaves, called O-ha-tsuki in Japan. T
PMID 21044353

Japanese Journal

調製温度が異なるメカブ粘性物質の摂取がラットの消化管の形態と機能に与える影響

大場君枝,山中なつみ,小川宣子
岐阜女子大学紀要 37, 19-27, 2008-03-14
NAID 110006595549

天然物の抗ウイルス活性評価と応用に関する研究

林利光
藥學雜誌 128(1), 61-79, 2008-01-01
… Acidic polysaccharides such as calcium spirulan (Ca-SP) from Spirulina platensis, nostoflan from Nostoc flagelliforme, and a fucoidan from the sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida (mekabu fucoidan) were also found to be potent inhibitors against several enveloped viruses. …
NAID 110006533004