WordNet

work natural fibers into a thread; "spin silk"
prolong or extend; "spin out a visit" (同)spin out
the act of rotating rapidly; "he gave the crank a spin"; "it broke off after much twisting" (同)twirl, twist, twisting, whirl
a distinctive interpretation (especially as used by politicians to sway public opinion); "the campaign put a favorable spin on the story"
a short drive in a car; "he took the new car for a spin"
a swift whirling motion (usually of a missile)
revolve quickly and repeatedly around ones own axis; "The dervishes whirl around and around without getting dizzy" (同)spin around, whirl, reel, gyrate
form a web by making a thread; "spiders spin a fine web"
make up a story; "spin a yarn"
stream in jets, of liquids; "The creek spun its course through the woods"
twist and turn so as to give an intended interpretation; "The Presidents spokesmen had to spin the story to make it less embarrassing"

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(羊毛などから)〈糸など〉‘を'『紡ぐ』《+『名』+『out of』+『名』〈羊毛〉》,(糸などに)〈羊毛など〉‘を'紡ぐ《+『名』〈羊毛〉+『into』+『名』》 / 〈クモ・カイコなどが〉〈糸〉‘を'『吐く』;〈巣・繭〉‘を'かける / …‘を'くるくる回す / 〈物語など〉‘を'作る,話す / 『糸を紡ぐ』;〈クモ・カイコなどが〉糸を吐く / 〈こまなどが〉くるくる回る / 〈車などが〉疾走する / 〈頭などが〉くらくらする / 〈C〉〈U〉くるくる回すこと;回転 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(車などの)一走り / 〈C〉(飛行機の)きりもみ降下 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(価値などの)急落

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/19 15:36:58」(JST)

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EPR spectrum of a spin label

A spin label (SL) is an organic molecule which possesses an unpaired electron, usually on a nitrogen atom, and the ability to bind to another molecule. Spin labels are normally used as tools for probing proteins or biological membrane-local dynamics using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) technique allows one to monitor a specific region within a protein. In protein structure examinations, amino acid-specific SLs can be used.

The goal of spin labeling is somewhat similar to that of isotopic substitution in NMR spectroscopy. There one replaces an atom lacking a nuclear spin (and so is NMR-silent) with an isotope having a spin I $\neq$ 0 (and so is NMR-active). This technique is useful for tracking the chemical environment around an atom when full substitution with an NMR-active isotope is not feasible. Recently, spin-labelling has also been used to probe chemical local environment in NMR itself, in a technique known as Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE).

Recent developments in the theory and experimental measurement of PREs have enabled the detection, characterization and visualization of sparsely-populated states of proteins and their complexes.^[1] Such states, which are invisible to conventional biophysical and structural techniques, play a key role in many biological processes including molecular recognition, allostery, macromolecular assembly and aggregation.

Applications of spin EPR

Spin labelled fatty acids have been extensively used to understand dynamic organization of lipids in bio-membranes and membrane biophysics. For example, stearic acid labelled with nitroxyl spin label moiety at various carbons (5,7,9,12,13,14 and 16th) with respect to first carbon of carbonyl group have been used to study the flexibility gradient of membrane lipids to understand membrane fluidity conditions at different depths of their lipid bilayer organization.^[2]

References

^ Clore GM; Iwahara J (2009). "Theory, practice and applications of paramagnetic relaxation enhancement for the characterization of low-population states of biological macromolecules and their complexes". Chemical Reviews. 109 (9): 4108–4139. PMC 2825090 . PMID 19522502. doi:10.1021/cr900033p.
^ Yashroy, R. C. (1990). "Magnetic resonance studies of dynamic organisation of lipids in chloroplast membranes". Journal of Biosciences. 15 (4): 281–288. ISSN 0250-5991. doi:10.1007/BF02702669.

Berliner, L.J. (1976). Spin labeling I : theory and applications, Academic Press, New York.
Berliner, L.J. (1979). Spin labeling II : theory and applications, Academic Press, New York.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Acute intermittent porphyria presenting as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with hyperperfusion in bilateral occipital lobes: A case report.

Sakashita Y1, Hamada T2, Machiya T2, Yamada M3.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2017 Jun 15;377:47-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.052. Epub 2017 Mar 31.
PMID 28477706

Spin Probe Multi-Frequency EPR Study of Unprocessed Cotton Fibers.

Marek A1, Voinov MA1, Smirnov AI2.
Cell biochemistry and biophysics.Cell Biochem Biophys.2017 Jun;75(2):211-226. doi: 10.1007/s12013-017-0787-4. Epub 2017 Mar 7.
PMID 28271339

Effect of Solution Ionic Strength on the pKa of the Nitroxide pH EPR Probe 2,2,3,4,5,5-Hexamethylimidazolidin-1-oxyl.

Margita K1, Voinov MA1, Smirnov AI2.
Cell biochemistry and biophysics.Cell Biochem Biophys.2017 Jun;75(2):185-193. doi: 10.1007/s12013-017-0780-y. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
PMID 28210984

Japanese Journal

症例 Arterial spin labelingで側頭葉の血流増加を認め,単純ヘルペス脳炎との鑑別を要した神経梅毒の1例

本田耕一,竹村直,渡邉奈美
内科 116(3), 523-525, 2015-09
NAID 40020568415

脳疾患に対するASL(arterial spin labeling)の有用性 : 急性脳症を中心に (特集脳神経・頭頸部の診断と治療update)

井手口怜子,森川実,榎園美香子 [他]
臨床放射線 60(5), 621-631, 2015-05
NAID 40020483705

Clinical Significance of Discrepancy between Arterial Spin Labeling Images and Contrast-enhanced Images in the Diagnosis of Brain Tumors

ABE Takashi,MIZOBUCHI Yoshifumi,SAKO Wataru,IRAHARA Saho,OTOMI Yoichi,OBAMA Yuki,NAKAJIMA Kohei,KHASHBAT Delgerdalai,MAJIGSUREN Mungunkhuyag,KAGEJI Teruyoshi,NAGAHIRO Shinji,HARADA Masafumi
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences advpub(0), 2015
… Purpose: In the imaging of intra-axial brain tumors, we sometimes found areas of high signal intensity around the enhanced tumor lesions on arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. …
NAID 130005083985