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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/07/26 09:51:12」(JST)

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A spermatogonium (plural: spermatogonia) is an undifferentiated male germ cell. Spermatogonia undergo spermatogenesis to form mature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.

There are three subtypes of spermatogonia in humans:

Type A (dark) cells, with dark nuclei. These cells are reserve spermatogonial stem cells which do not usually undergo active mitosis.
Type A (pale) cells, with pale nuclei. These are the spermatogonial stem cells that undergo active mitosis. These cells divide to produce Type B cells.
Type B cells, which divide to give rise to primary spermatocytes.

Anticancer drugs

Anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin and vincristine can adversely affect male fertility by damaging the DNA of proliferative spermatogonial stem cells. Experimental exposure of rat undifferentiated spermatogonia to doxorubicin and vincristine indicated that these cells are able to respond to DNA damage by increasing their expression of DNA repair genes, and that this response likely partially prevents DNA break accumulation.^[2] In addition to a DNA repair response, exposure of spermatogonia to doxorubicin can also induce programmed cell death (apoptosis).^[3]

Additional images

Transverse section of a tubule of the testis of a rat. X 250.
Schematic diagram of Spermatocytogenesis

References

^ Mahla, R.S. "Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Testis". PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036020.
^ Beaud H, van Pelt A, Delbes G (2017). "Doxorubicin and vincristine affect undifferentiated rat spermatogonia". Reproduction. 153 (6): 725–735. doi:10.1530/REP-17-0005. PMID 28258155.
^ Habas K, Anderson D, Brinkworth MH (2017). "Germ cell responses to doxorubicin exposure in vitro". Toxicol. Lett. 265: 70–76. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.016. PMID 27890809.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 男性生殖生理学 male reproductive physiology
2. 成人男性における細胞傷害性薬物が性腺機能に及ぼす影響 effects of cytotoxic agents on gonadal function in adult men
3. 小児における停留精巣：マネージメントの概要 undescended testes cryptorchidism in children overview of management
4. 遺伝的変異の概要 overview of genetic variation
5. プルーンベリー症候群 prune belly syndrome

English Journal

Pre-spermiogenic initiation of flagellar growth and correlative ultrastructural observations on nuage, nuclear and mitochondrial developmental morphology in the zebrafish Danio rerio.

Zhang L1, Yang P1, Liu Y1, Bian X1, Ullah S1, Zhang Q1, Chen W1, Le Y1, Chen B1, Lin J2, Gao C2, Hu J2, Chen Q3.
Micron (Oxford, England : 1993).Micron.2014 Nov;66:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.03.010. Epub 2014 Mar 31.
The microstructural and ultrastructural changes of germ cells during spermatogenesis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were examined using light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Generally the process of spermatogenesis in zebrafish is similar to that of other teleosts, however, h
PMID 25080270

Complex effects of two presumably antagonistic endocrine disrupting compounds on the goldfish Carassius aumtus: A comprehensive study with multiple toxicological endpoints.

Wu F1, Lin L1, Qiu JW2, Chen H1, Weng S1, Luan T3.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Aquat Toxicol.2014 Oct;155:43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.003. Epub 2014 Jun 13.
We studied the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds nonylphenol (NP) and letrozole (LE) on the male goldfish Carassius aumtus. Exposure to NP (20μgl(-1)) alone caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of aromatase, estrogen receptors and vitellogenin (VTG) genes, an increase in hep
PMID 24974122

CD49f-Positive Testicular Cells in Saanen Dairy Goat Were Identified as Spermatogonia-Like Cells by miRNA Profiling Analysis.

Wu J1, Liao M, Zhu H, Kang K, Mu H, Song W, Niu Z, He X, Bai C, Li G, Li X, Hua J.
Journal of cellular biochemistry.J Cell Biochem.2014 Oct;115(10):1712-23. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24835.
miRNAs, a type of small RNA, play critical roles in mammalian spermatogenesis. Spermatogonia are the foundation of spermatogenesis and are valuable for the study of spermatogenesis. However, the expression profiling of the miRNAs in spermatogonia of dairy goats remains unclear. CD49f has been one of
PMID 24817091

Japanese Journal

Characterization of lymphocyte antigen 75 (Ly75/CD205) as a potential cell-surface marker on spermatogonia in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis

Nagasawa Kazue,Miwa Misako,Yazawa Ryosuke [他]
Fisheries science 78(4), 791-800, 2012-07
NAID 40019343805

Localization of a Novel RNA-binding Protein, SKIV2L2, to the Nucleus in the Round Spermatids of Mice

OSMAN Boran A. H.,KAWASHIMA Akihiro,TAMBA Michiko,SATOH Emiko,KATO Yuhki,IKI Ayumi,KONISHI Kouhei,MATSUDA Manabu,OKAMURA Naomichi
The Journal of reproduction and development 57(4), 457-467, 2011-08-01
… The germ cells except for the undifferentiated spermatogonia disappeared by 32 days after injection. … The surviving spermatogonia started to proliferate, and spermatogenesis was entirely recovered about 77 days after injection. …
NAID 10029593054

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「point mutation」「精原細胞」「spermatophore」「精祖幹細胞」

「point mutation」

Spermatogonium
	Germinal epithelium of the testicle. 1 basal lamina, 2 spermatogonia, 3 spermatocyte 1st order, 4 spermatocyte 2nd order, 5 spermatid, 6 mature spermatid, 7 Sertoli cell, 8 tight junction (blood testis barrier)
	Histological section through testicular parenchyma of a boar. 1 Lumen of Tubulus seminiferus contortus, 2 spermatids, 3 spermatocytes, 4 spermatogonia, 5 Sertoli cell, 6 Myofibroblasts, 7 Leydig cells, 8 capillaries
Identifiers
MeSH	D013093
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]