sorrel

Sorrel
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Polygonaceae
Genus:	Rumex
Species:	R. acetosa
Binomial name
	Rumex acetosa; L.
Synonyms
	Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb.

WordNet

of a light brownish color (同)brownish-orange
a horse of a brownish orange to light brown color
large sour-tasting arrowhead-shaped leaves used in salads and sauces (同)common sorrel
small plant having pleasantly acid-tasting arrow-shaped leaves; common in dry places (同)sheep''s sorrel, Rumex acetosella
perennial herb of eastern North America with palmately compound leaves and usually rose-purple flowers (同)Oxalis violacea
Australian tree with acid foliage (同)Hibiscus heterophyllus

PrepTutorEJDIC

スイバ,スカンポ;カタバミ(タデ科の多年生植物;葉をサラダ用)
〈U〉くり色 / 〈C〉くり毛の馬 / くり色の
カタバミ(ハート型の三つ葉と白い花をつける草)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/15 05:09:31」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Narrow-leaved sorrel" and variants redirect here. These terms may also refer to curled dock (R. crispus).

Flowering sorrel.

Common sorrel or garden sorrel (Rumex acetosa), often simply called sorrel, is a perennial herb in the family Polygonaceae. Other names for sorrel include spinach dock and narrow-leaved dock. It is a common plant in grassland habitats and is cultivated as a garden herb or leaf vegetable (pot herb).

Description

Sorrel (aveluk in Armenian) picked fresh from Mount Ara and braided before selling for ease of drying and extended use.

Sorrel is a slender herbaceous perennial plant about 60 cm high, with roots that run deep into the ground, as well as juicy stems and edible, arrow-shaped (sagittate) leaves. The lower leaves are 7 to 15 cm in length with long petioles and a membranous ocrea formed of fused, sheathing stipules. The upper ones are sessile, and frequently become crimson. It has whorled spikes of reddish-green flowers, which bloom in early summer, becoming purplish.^[1]^[2] The species is dioecious, with stamens and pistils on different plants.^[2]

The leaves are eaten by the larvae of several species of Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) including the blood-vein moth.

Sorrel soup with egg and croutons; Polish cuisine.

Hyogo,Japan

Distribution

Rumex acetosa occurs in grassland habitats throughout Europe from the northern Mediterranean coast to the north of Scandinavia and in parts of Central Asia. It occurs as an introduced species in parts of North America.[1]

Uses

Common sorrel has been cultivated for centuries. The leaves may be puréed in soups and sauces or added to salads; they have a flavour that is similar to kiwifruit or sour wild strawberries. The plant's sharp taste is due to oxalic acid.

In northern Nigeria, sorrel is known as yakuwa or sure (pronounced suuray) in Hausa or karassu in Kanuri. It is also used in stews usually in addition to spinach. In some Hausa communities, it is steamed and made into salad using kuli-kuli (traditional roasted peanut cakes with oil extracted), salt, pepper, onion and tomatoes. The recipe varies according to different levels of household income. A drink called zobo (sorrel squash) is made from a decoction of the plant calyx.

In Romania, wild or garden sorrel, known as măcriş or ştevie, is used to make sour soups, stewed with spinach, added fresh to lettuce and spinach in salads or over open sandwiches.

In Russia and Ukraine it is called shchavel' (щавель) and is used to make soup called green borscht. It is used as a soup ingredient in other countries, too (e.g., Lithuania, where it is known as rūgštynė).

In Hungary the plant and its leaves are known as sóska (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈʃɔːʃkɒ]). It is called kuzukulağı ('lamb's ear') in Turkish. In Polish it is called szczaw (pronounced Polish pronunciation: [ʂʈʂaf]).

In Croatia and Bulgaria is used for soups or with mashed potatoes, or as part of a traditional dish containing eel and other green herbs.

In rural Greece it is used with spinach, leeks, and chard in spanakopita.

In the Flemish speaking part of Belgium it is called "zurkel" and preserved pureed sorrel is mixed with mashed potatoes and eaten with sausages, meatballs or fried bacon, as a traditional winter dish.

In Vietnam it is called Rau Chua and is used to added fresh to lettuce and in salads for Bánh Xēo.

In Portugal, it is called azeda or azeda-brava (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈzeðɐ], [ɐˈzeðɐ ˈβɾavɐ], "sour", "fierce sour"), and is usually eaten raw in saladas or used to make soups. That is identical to its use in Brazil, under the name of azedinha ([ɐzeˈdʒĩɲɐ], "small/lovely tart").

In India, the leaves are called chukkakura in Telugu and are used in making delicious recipes. Chukkakura pappu soup made with yellow lentils which is also called toor dal in India.

In Albania it is called lëpjeta, the leaves are simmered and served cold marinated in olive oil, it is used in soups, and even as an ingredient for filling byrek pies (byrek me lakra).

This name can be confused with the hibiscus calyces or hibiscus tea.

Subspecies

Several subspecies have been named.^[2] Not all are cultivated:

Rumex acetosa ssp. acetosa
Rumex acetosa ssp. ambiguus
Rumex acetosa ssp. arifolius
Rumex acetosa ssp. hibernicus
Rumex acetosa ssp. hirtulus
Rumex acetosa ssp. vinealis

References

^ Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003). Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora. London: A & C Black. p. 64. ISBN 978-1408179505.
^ ^a ^b ^c Stace, C.A. (2010). New flora of the British isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 446. ISBN 9780521707725.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Bioaccumulation of zinc, lead, copper, and cadmium from contaminated sediments by native plant species and Acrida cinerea in South China.

Zhang C1, Song N, Zeng GM, Jiang M, Zhang JC, Hu XJ, Chen AW, Zhen JM.Author information 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China, zhangchang@hnu.edu.cn.AbstractThis research was conducted to search and identify spontaneously growing heavy metal-tolerant plant species that are potentially useful for phytoremediation in contaminated sediment. Five sites were selected for collection of plants growing on polluted shore (river bank) sediment of the Xiang River, China. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in plants, sediments, and grasshoppers were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS700, Perkin-Elmer, USA). Considering translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor, Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae), Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and Lagopsis supina (Labiatae) could be potentially useful for phytostabilization of metals. R. crispus can be considered potentially useful for phytoextraction of Cd. In light of the biomagnification factors, grasshoppers are deconcentrators for Pb and Cd, microconcentrators for Zn and macroconcentrators for Cu to the plants, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd accumulation in R. crispus and L. supina, providing a pioneer contribution to the very small volume of data available on the potential use of native plant species from contaminated sediments in phytostabilization and phytoremediation technologies.
Environmental monitoring and assessment.Environ Monit Assess.2014 Mar;186(3):1735-45. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3489-4. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
This research was conducted to search and identify spontaneously growing heavy metal-tolerant plant species that are potentially useful for phytoremediation in contaminated sediment. Five sites were selected for collection of plants growing on polluted shore (river bank) sediment of the Xiang River,
PMID 24249249

Group VII Ethylene Response Factor diversification and regulation in four species from flood-prone environments.

VAN Veen H1, Akman M, Jamar DC, Vreugdenhil D, Kooiker M, VAN Tienderen P, Voesenek LA, Schranz ME, Sasidharan R.Author information 1Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.AbstractFlooding events negatively affect plant performance and survival. Flooding gradients thereby determine dynamics in vegetation composition and species abundance. In adaptation to flooding, the group VII Ethylene Response Factor genes (ERF-VIIs) play pivotal roles in rice and Arabidopsis through regulation of anaerobic gene expression and antithetical survival strategies. We investigated if ERF-VIIs have a similar role in mediating survival strategies in eudicot species from flood-prone environments. Here we studied the evolutionary origin and regulation of ERF-VII transcript abundance, and the physiological responses in species from two genera of divergent taxonomic lineages (Rumex and Rorippa). Synteny analysis revealed that angiosperm ERF-VIIs arose from two ancestral loci and that subsequent diversification and duplication(s) led to the present ERF-VII variation. We propose that subtle variation in the regulation of ERF-VII transcript abundance could explain variation in tolerance amongst Rorippa species. In Rumex, the main difference in flood tolerance correlated with genetic variation in ERF-VII genes. Large transcriptional differences were found by comparing the two genera: darkness and dark submergence induced Rumex ERF-VIIs, whereas HRE2 expression was increased in submerged Rorippa roots. We conclude that the involvement of ERF-VIIs in flooding tolerance developed in a phylogenetic dependent manner, with subtle variations within taxonomic clades.
Plant, cell & environment.Plant Cell Environ.2014 Feb 18. doi: 10.1111/pce.12302. [Epub ahead of print]
Flooding events negatively affect plant performance and survival. Flooding gradients thereby determine dynamics in vegetation composition and species abundance. In adaptation to flooding, the group VII Ethylene Response Factor genes (ERF-VIIs) play pivotal roles in rice and Arabidopsis through regul
PMID 24548060

Comprehensive assessment of phenolics and antiradical potential of Rumex hastatus D. Don. roots.

Sahreen S1, Khan MR, Khan RA.Author information 1Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, Islamabad, Pakistan. sumairasahreen@gmail.com.AbstractBACKGROUND: Roots of Rumex hastatus (Polygonaceae) are traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments including liver and lung diseases. In this study, various solvent extracts of R. hastatus roots, like methanolic, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol and aqueous fractions were assessed through their antioxidant properties in vitro and determination of phenolic contents.
BMC complementary and alternative medicine.BMC Complement Altern Med.2014 Feb 8;14:47. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-47.
BACKGROUND: Roots of Rumex hastatus (Polygonaceae) are traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments including liver and lung diseases. In this study, various solvent extracts of R. hastatus roots, like methanolic, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol and aqueous fractions were as
PMID 24507200

Herbicidal activity of formulated sorgoleone, a natural product of sorghum root exudate.

Uddin MR1, Park SU, Dayan FE, Pyon JY.Author information 1Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea.AbstractBACKGROUND: The allelochemical sorgoleone, a major component of the hydrophobic root exudates of Sorghum bicolor, was formulated as a wettable powder [4.6 WP] and evaluated as a natural herbicide on several weed and crop species under different growth conditions.
Pest management science.Pest Manag Sci.2014 Feb;70(2):252-7. doi: 10.1002/ps.3550. Epub 2013 Jun 20.
BACKGROUND: The allelochemical sorgoleone, a major component of the hydrophobic root exudates of Sorghum bicolor, was formulated as a wettable powder [4.6 WP] and evaluated as a natural herbicide on several weed and crop species under different growth conditions.RESULTS: Formulated sorgoleone [4.6 W
PMID 23785031

Japanese Journal

山形市におけるアレルギー性鼻炎患者の花粉抗原陽性率の検討

鈴木祐輔,太田伸男,櫻井真一 [他],青柳優,深瀬滋
アレルギー 58(12), 1619-1628, 2009-12-31
【背景・目的】花粉症の原因抗原としてはスギ・イネ科が有名であるが,その他の花粉症も注目されている.今回我々は当科を受診したアレルギー性鼻炎患者の花粉抗原陽性率について調査・検討したので報告する.【対象・方法】対象はアレルギー性鼻炎症例の男性90例,女性61例.ハウスダスト・ダニ・スギ・カモガヤ・チモシー・ブタクサ・ヨモギ・カナムグラ・アルテルナリア・カンジタ・アスペルギルスに加え,シラカンバ・クル …
NAID 110007503538

放牧利用される放棄農林草地でのスイバに対するヤギと牛の採食特性

福田栄紀
日本草地学会誌 54(1), 40-44, 2008-04-15
放棄農林草地に高頻度に出現するスイバに対するヤギと牛の採食特性が放牧条件下で比較された。春の初回放牧開始直後の0-15分間および15-30分間においてスイバを含む出現草種の採食頻度が,また初回放牧終了後において被食痕の有無別のスイバ個体数が調査された。放牧開始直後,ヤギのスイバ対する採食頻度は,他の全草種に対する採食頻度の合計より0.1%水準で有意に高かった。一方,牛によるスイバの採食は皆無であっ …
NAID 110006664572

Effects of transgenic Bt corn pollen on a non-target lycaenid butterfly, Pseudozizeeria maha

Shirai Yoichi,Takahashi Mami
Applied entomology and zoology 40(1), 151-159, 2005-02-25
… To evaluate precisely the effect of corn pollen expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxin (Cry1Ab) on the survival of lepidopteran larvae, we improved the bioassay methods using the pale grass blue, Pseudozizeeria maha, the leaf disc of the wood sorrel, Oxalis corniculata, and transgenic Bt corn (Event-176). …
NAID 10014474578

ハーブ類の生理生態的特性に関する研究 : (第3報)ソレル (Rumex acetosa L.) の生育特性

新保美智代,藤目幸擴,寺林敏,伊達修一
園芸学会雑誌. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表 73(2), 201, 2004-09-25
NAID 10024386480

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