Taenia solium

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1. 嚢虫症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of cysticercosis
2. 嚢虫症の疫学、感染、および予防 epidemiology transmission and prevention of cysticercosis
3. 嚢虫症の治療 treatment of cysticercosis
4. 腸管条虫 intestinal tapeworms
5. 便顕微鏡検査に対するアプローチ approach to stool microscopy

English Journal

Validity of the Enzyme-linked Immunoelectrotransfer Blot (EITB) for naturally acquired porcine cysticercosis.

Jayashi CM, Gonzalez AE, Castillo Neyra R, Rodríguez S, García HH, Lightowlers MW; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru.Author information Veterinary Clinical Centre, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia. Electronic address: c.flores@uq.edu.au.AbstractThe Enzyme-linked Immunoelectrotransfer Blot (EITB) has been used widely as a screening test for Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine. However, the relation between seropositivity and infection in pig populations from endemic areas has not been well defined. The aim of this study is to relate EITB seropositivity with infection and infection burden, analyse the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity with various cut-off points for the EITB assay, and finally describe the serology changes in a cohort of rural pigs raised under natural conditions. A group of 107 pigs that were used as controls during a vaccination field trial in Peru was our study population. The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis determined by necropsy examination was 16.82% (18/107) in these animals. Using EITB reactivity to ≥1 band as a cut-off point for the assay, the sensitivity was 88.89% (65.29-98.62, 95% CI) and the specificity was 48.31% (37.59-59.16, 95% CI). Comparing other cut-off points, involving up to as many as 7 reactive bands, a reactivity of ≥3 bands provided the best trade-offs in sensitivity and specificity. Using this cut-off point for the assay, the sensitivity was 77.77% (52.36-93.59, 95% CI) and the specificity was 76.40% (66.22-84.76, 95% CI). A significant association was found between cyst counts over 100 cysts and reactivity to ≥3 bands in the EITB assay (Fisher's exact test, p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that the use of the EITB assay to study porcine cysticercosis may require setting different cut-offs under field and experimental conditions, and depending upon the objective of the screening process.
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2014 Jan 17;199(1-2):42-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.10.004. Epub 2013 Oct 16.
The Enzyme-linked Immunoelectrotransfer Blot (EITB) has been used widely as a screening test for Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine. However, the relation between seropositivity and infection in pig populations from endemic areas has not been well defined. The aim of this study is to relate EITB s
PMID 24183647

Neurocysticercosis on 18F-FDG PET/MRI: Co-registered Images.

Jolepalem P, Wong CY.Author information From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Oakland University William Beaumont Health Systems, Royal Oak, MI.AbstractThis is a case of a 32-year-old female patient who presented with new onset partial complex seizures. MRI of the brain demonstrated a suspicious ring-enhancing lesion in the right temporal lobe. This finding was felt to be a primary brain malignancy or less likely an infectious process. F-FDG PET of the brain was able to exclude malignancy and provided evidence to support neurocysticercosis in the mesial temporal lobe as the cause for the patient's seizures. Neurocysticercosis is a neurologic infection caused by Taenia solium. It is rare in the United States and difficult to diagnose.
Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2014 Jan;39(1):e110-3. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e3182817ad8.
This is a case of a 32-year-old female patient who presented with new onset partial complex seizures. MRI of the brain demonstrated a suspicious ring-enhancing lesion in the right temporal lobe. This finding was felt to be a primary brain malignancy or less likely an infectious process. F-FDG PET of
PMID 23579982

Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and associated risk factors in smallholder pig production systems in Mbeya region, southern highlands of Tanzania.

Komba EV, Kimbi EC, Ngowi HA, Kimera SI, Mlangwa JE, Lekule FP, Sikasunge CS, Willingham AL 3rd, Johansen MV, Thamsborg SM.Author information Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: babagrid@yahoo.com.AbstractPorcine cysticercosis (PC) caused by the larval stage of a zoonotic tapeworm Taenia solium, is known to pose serious economic losses and public health risk among smallholder pig production communities. The present study was conducted to determine prevalence and associated risk factors for PC in smallholder pig production systems in Mbeya region, the major pig rearing region of Tanzania. A cross-sectional survey employing a random sample of 300 pig keepers from 30 villages of Mbozi and Mbeya Rural districts, Mbeya region were used to evaluate pig production systems and practices. Concurrently, 600 male and female pigs of different age categories were randomly selected and examined for PC using lingual examination method and antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA). The overall pig level PC prevalence in Mbozi district was 11.7% (95% CI=8.5-15.8%) and 32% (95% CI: 27-37.5%) based on lingual examination and Ag-ELISA, respectively. In Mbeya Rural district, the prevalences were 6% (95% CI: 3.8-9.3%) and 30.7% (95% CI: 25.8-36.1%) by lingual examination and Ag-ELISA, respectively. In Mbozi district 46% of the households were found infected (one or more infected pigs) and the corresponding figure was 45% for Mbeya Rural district. The agreement between lingual examination and Ag-ELISA was poor (κ<0.40). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of PC in different sex categories of pigs. Significant risk factors associated with PC prevalence were free roaming of pigs (OR=2.1; 95% CI=1.3-3.6; p=0.006), past experience of porcine cysticercosis in the household (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.5-4.8; p=0.002), increased age of pig (OR=1.9; 95% CI=1.2-3.0), slatted raised floor in pig pen (OR=8.4; 95% CI=1.0-70.0), in-house origin of the pig (OR=1.6; 95% CI=1.1-2.5) and sourcing of water from rivers (OR=3.1; 95% CI=1.6-6.3; p<0.001) and ponds (OR=5.0; 95% CI=1.2-21.7; p=0.031). This study has clearly revealed a high sero-prevalence of PC in the study area, which imposes a major economical and public health burden to the smallholder pig farmers. The study also points to a number of important risk factors in smallholder pig management that may be addressed (e.g. confinement, quality of pens and water sources) in future interventions and educational campaigns for control of T. solium.
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2013 Dec 6;198(3-4):284-91. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.09.020. Epub 2013 Sep 28.
Porcine cysticercosis (PC) caused by the larval stage of a zoonotic tapeworm Taenia solium, is known to pose serious economic losses and public health risk among smallholder pig production communities. The present study was conducted to determine prevalence and associated risk factors for PC in smal
PMID 24139481

「100Cases 60」

　　[★]

attend

vt.

～に出席/参列する、(学校に)行く(go toより堅い語)

The normal ECG and chest X-ray when he attended hospital after an episode do not rule out an intermittent conduction problem.

(結果として)～に伴う

～に同行/同伴する、付き添う、仕える。往診する。～の世話をする、～に気をつける、見張る

vi.

出席/参列/出勤する(at)

留意/注目/傾聴する(to)。身を入れる、勢力を注ぐ、心を傾注する(to)。世話をする、気を配る(to)

仕える、付きそう(on)。(危険・困難などが)伴う(on)

productive

adj

生産的な、生産力を有する(⇔unproductive
(擦過が)他作の。(土地などが)多産の、豊富に算出する
[叙述](～を)引き起こす、もたらす(of)
(事業などが)利益をもたらす、営利的な。良い結果をもたらす、実りの多い
(言語)(接辞などが)生産性のある
(医学)(咳が)喀痰を伴う。(炎症が)増殖性の

outflow

n.

流出/流出物。流出量

vi.

流出する

obstruction

n.

妨害、障害、支障、差し障り(to)。妨害物、

obstruction to outflow

the clinical picture suggests obstruction to outflow from the stomach.(この臨床像は胃流出障害を示唆している)

閉塞、閉塞症。

obstruction to outflow

流出障害

ex.

the clinical picture suggests obstruction to outflow from the stomach.(この臨床像は胃流出障害を示唆している)

aqueous outflow from the eye (眼球からの房水流出)

retain

re + tent (tineo=teneo) = to hold back

vt.

保持する、保有する、保留する、持ち続ける、維持する。(使用のために)確保しておく
(ある場所に)保つ、保持する。(熱などを)保っている、失わないでいる
忘れないでいる、覚えている
(弁護士・気腫・召使いなどを)雇っておく、抱える
使用/実行し続ける。(廃止しないで)そのままにしておく

palliation

n.

寛解、緩和

n.

強く揺り動かすこと、強く揺れること

splash

n.

はね返し、はねかけ。はねかす音。

どっと流れる水。

□unit

1 unit = 10 ml of ethanol

□350ml アルコール5%

350x0.05/10=1.75 unit

http://pohwa.adam.ne.jp/you/hobby/ryori/sake2.ht ml

1unitの量が国によって違う。純エタノール換算で、1英unitは8g=10ml（英糖尿病協会採用の数値）、1米unitは15g（20ml弱：1drinkとも）で、日本では10～14g程度（代謝熱量80Kcalが基準：食品成分表5訂版,2002）や20ないし23g（日本酒1合分）を1unitとしている。日本の医学界では1unit=20g（体積に換算すると25ml）を採用することが多いので、ここでもそれに従う。この基準（1unit=20g=25ml）で計算すると、40度のウィスキー1ショット（＝1オンス：英液量オンスで28.41ml、米液量オンスで29.57ml、日本の1ショットで30ml）が約0.5unitとなる。5度のビールなら500mlでだいたい1unit（この、日本酒1合≒ウィスキーダブル≒ビール500cc≒1unitという関係は、覚えておくと便利かもしれない：ワインなどは日本酒に準じるので、1本750mlがだいたい4unit強である）。

主訴：体重減少

(主訴にまつわる症状)

　・4ヶ月で10kg減少、食欲の減少、嘔吐(頻度：次第に増えてきている。嘔吐物と量：何時間も前に食べたものを多量に嘔吐する)

(主訴以外の症状)

　・一ヶ月前から脱力感(部位：特に下肢で著しい(丘に登ったり、階段を上ったりするとき))

嗜好歴：喫煙 20/day、飲酒 10units/week (ビール 6本弱)

家族歴：なし

既往歴：高血圧(2年間β遮断薬で治療、4ヶ月前に服薬中止)

身体所見 examination

バイタル：82/分、血圧 148/86 mmHg

全身：やせ、体調が悪そう(unwell)。

呼吸器、心血管系に異常なし