WordNet

wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) (同)deal
any gymnospermous tree or shrub bearing cones (同)coniferous tree
of or relating to or part of trees or shrubs bearing cones and evergreen leaves (同)cone-bearing

PrepTutorEJDIC

針葉樹材,軟材
(松・モミなど球果をつける)球果植物,針葉樹
球果を結ぶ,松かさをつける

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/08 09:50:49」(JST)

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Scots Pine, a typical and well-known softwood

Softwood is wood from gymnosperm trees such as conifers. The term is opposed to hardwood, which is the wood from angiosperm trees.

Characteristics

Softwoods are not necessarily softer than hardwoods. In both groups there is an enormous variation in actual wood hardness, with the range in density in hardwoods completely including that of softwoods; some hardwoods (e.g. balsa) are softer than most softwoods, while the hardest hardwoods are much harder than any softwood. The woods of longleaf pine, douglas fir, and yew are much harder in the mechanical sense than several hardwoods.

Certain species of softwood are more resistant to insect attack from woodworm, as certain insects prefer damp hardwood.

Applications

Softwood is the source of about 80% of the world's production of timber, with traditional centres of production being the Baltic region (including Scandinavia and Russia), North America and China. Typically used in construction as structural carcassing timber, as well as finishing timber.

References

English Journal

Mechanism of waste biomass pyrolysis: Effect of physical and chemical pre-treatments.

Das O1, Sarmah AK2.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Dec 15;537:323-34. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.076. Epub 2015 Aug 15.
To impart usability in waste based biomass through thermo-chemical reactions, several physical and chemical pre-treatments were conducted to gain an insight on their mode of action, effect on the chemistry and the change in thermal degradation profiles. Two different waste biomasses (Douglas fir, a
PMID 26282766

Identification of benzoquinones in pretreated lignocellulosic feedstocks and inhibitory effects on yeast.

Stagge S1, Cavka A2, Jönsson LJ3.
AMB Express.AMB Express.2015 Dec;5(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s13568-015-0149-9. Epub 2015 Sep 17.
Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass under acidic conditions gives rise to by-products that inhibit fermenting microorganisms. An analytical procedure for identification of p-benzoquinone (BQ) and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone (DMBQ) in pretreated biomass was developed, and the inhibitory effects of
PMID 26384342

Techno-economic evaluation of conditioning with sodium sulfite for bioethanol production from softwood.

Cavka A1, Martín C2, Alriksson B3, Mörtsell M4, Jönsson LJ1.
Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 Nov;196:129-35. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.051. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
Conditioning with reducing agents allows alleviation of inhibition of biocatalytic processes by toxic by-products generated during biomass pretreatment, without necessitating the introduction of a separate process step. In this work, conditioning of steam-pretreated spruce with sodium sulfite made i
PMID 26232771

Japanese Journal

イチジク緑枝接ぎ苗の当年育成に向けた台木および穂木の好適採穂条件

細見彰洋,三輪由佳,磯部武志
園芸学研究 14(2), 197-203, 2015-04-15
NAID 40020442991

Effect of biomass burning over the western North Pacific Rim : wintertime maxima of anhydrosugars in ambient aerosols from Okinawa

Zhu C.,Kawamura K.,Kunwar B.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15(4), 1959-1973, 2015-02
… The lower values may be associated with softwood burning in northern China, Korea and southwestern Japan whereas the higher values are probably caused by agricultural waste burning of maize straw in the North China Plain. …
NAID 120005595706

広葉樹サーモメカニカルパルプの繊維形態とシート物性

上條康幸,杉野光広,宮西孝則
紙パ技協誌 advpub(0), 2015
実験用リファイナーを用いて数種類の広葉樹材チップと針葉樹材チップから、薬品前処理条件を変えてＴＭＰ（サーモメカニカルパルプ）を作製し、繊維形態と手抄シート物性を検討した。長繊維については、ルンケル比が高い繊維は紙層形成において変形しにくく、シート密度は低下した。すなわち、ルンケル比の高いチップは容積重が高いので、比重の高いチップから比重の低い紙ができたことになる。一方、密度が低いことから同一坪量で …
NAID 130004792772