WordNet

a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt) (同)Na, atomic number 11

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ソジウム,ナトリウム(金属元素;化学記号はNa)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/10 16:22:28」(JST)

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Taurocholic acid, known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum, is a deliquescent yellowish crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with taurine. In medical use, it is administered as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Hydrolysis of taurocholic acid yields taurine.

For commercial use, taurocholic acid is manufactured from cattle bile, a byproduct of the meat-processing industry.^[1]

This acid is also one of the many molecules in the body that has cholesterol as its precursor.

Toxicity

LD50 in newborn rats is 380 mg/kg.

References

^ Taurocholic acid, sodium salt at GlycoFineChem.com

UpToDate Contents

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1. バーター症候群およびギテルマン症候群 bartter and gitelman syndromes
2. 急性腎障害（急性腎不全）におけるナトリウム（FENa）、尿素（FEUrea）、およびその他分子の排泄率 fractional excretion of sodium urea and other molecules in acute kidney injury acute renal failure
3. 腎集合管ナトリウムチャンネルの遺伝的障害：リドル症候群および偽性低アルドステロン症1型 genetic disorders of the collecting tubule sodium channel liddles syndrome and pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
4. Diagnostic evaluation of adults with hyponatremia
5. 成人における体液量減少の病因、臨床症状、および診断 etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of volume depletion in adults

English Journal

Effects of extraction methods and particle size distribution on the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of dietary fiber from deoiled cumin.

Ma MM1, Mu TH2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Mar 1;194:237-46. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.095. Epub 2015 Aug 1.
This study evaluated the effects of alkali extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, shear emulsifying assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, and particle size distribution on the chemical composition and the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of deoiled cumin dietary fibers (AEDF, EHDF and SEDF
PMID 26471550

Bile Acid-Induced Toxicity in HepaRG Cells Recapitulates the Response in Primary Human Hepatocytes.

Woolbright BL1, McGill MR1, Yan H1, Jaeschke H1.
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.2016 Feb;118(2):160-7. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12449. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
Cholestatic liver injury is a pathological component of numerous disease states. Much of the current literature on cholestatic liver injury is derived from in vitro studies using rodent hepatocytes or cell lines transfected with bile acid (BA) uptake transporters. While these studies demonstrate BA
PMID 26176423

Modification of deoiled cumin dietary fiber with laccase and cellulase under high hydrostatic pressure.

Ma M1, Mu T2.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Jan 20;136:87-94. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.030. Epub 2015 Sep 11.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and enzyme (laccase and cellulase) treatment on the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties and antioxidant activity of deoiled cumin dietary fiber (DF). HHP-enzyme treatment increased the contents of soluble d
PMID 26572332

Japanese Journal

Evaluation of the Effects of Absorption Enhancers on Caco-2 Cell Monolayers by Using a Pore Permeation Model Involving Two Different Sizes

関俊暢,濱田愛里,江川祐哉,八巻努,内田昌希,夏目秀視,木村聡一郎,上田秀雄
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36(11), 1862-1866, 2013-11
… We applied a parallel pore permeation model based on the Renkin molecular sieving function by using two different-sized pathways to analyze the permeation-enhancing effects of poly-L-arginine (PLA) or a mixed system of spermine (SPM) and sodium taurocholate (STC). …
NAID 120005368921

Evaluation of the Effects of Absorption Enhancers on Caco-2 Cell Monolayers by Using a Pore Permeation Model Involving Two Different Sizes

Seki Toshinobu,Hamada Airi,Egawa Yuya [他],Yamaki Tsutomu,Uchida Masaki,Natsume Hideshi,Kimura Soichiro,Ueda Hideo
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36(11), 1862-1866, 2013
… We applied a parallel pore permeation model based on the Renkin molecular sieving function by using two different-sized pathways to analyze the permeation-enhancing effects of poly-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">L</span>-arginine (PLA) or a mixed system of spermine (SPM) and sodium taurocholate (STC). …
NAID 130003382042

Sustained Repression and Translocation of NTCP and Expression of MRP4 for Cholestasis after Rat 90% Partial Hepatectomy

Miura Takuya,Kimura Norihisa,Yamada Toshiyuki [他],Shimizu Takeshi,Nanashima Naoki,Yamana Daisuke,Hakamada Kenichi,Tsuchida Shigeki
弘前醫學 64(Supplement), S99-S106, 2013
… was examined in a rat model.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 90% hepatectomy, and tissues were harvested on 0, 1, 3, and 7 days for microarray analysis, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of multidrug resistance protein 4 （Mrp4）, bile salt export pump（ Bsep） and sodium-dependent taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide（ Ntcp）.Results: Persistently elevated serum bile acids were observed on days 3 and …
NAID 110009623647

「taurocholic acid」

Taurocholic acid
Names
	IUPAC name 2-{[(3α,5β,7α,12α)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]amino}ethanesulfonic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	81-24-3
ChEBI	CHEBI:28865
ChEMBL	ChEMBL224867
ChemSpider	6423
IUPHAR/BPS	4547
Jmol 3D image	Interactive graph
PubChem	6675
	InChI InChI=1S/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-23(31)27-10-11-35(32,33)34)18-5-6-19-24-20(14-22(30)26(18,19)3)25(2)9-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-22,24,28-30H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,22+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1 Key: WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N ; InChI=1/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-23(31)27-10-11-35(32,33)34)18-5-6-19-24-20(14-22(30)26(18,19)3)25(2)9-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-22,24,28-30H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,22+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1 Key: WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMBW ;
	SMILES C[C@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1([C@H](C[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)O)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C26H45NO7S
Molar mass	515.7058 g/mol
Melting point	125.0 °C (257.0 °F; 398.1 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references