adj.

社会的な、社会性の

関: sociality、socially

WordNet

tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind; "ants are social insects"
relating to human society and its members; "social institutions"; "societal evolution"; "societal forces"; "social legislation" (同)societal
composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability; "a purely social club"; "the church has a large social hall"; "a social director"
living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups; "a human being is a social animal"; "mature social behavior"
marked by friendly companionship with others; "a social cup of coffee"
relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society; "made fun of her being so social and high-toned"; "a social gossip colum"; "the society page"
in a social manner; "socially unpopular"
by or with respect to society; "socially accepted norms"
the tendency to associate with others and to form social groups; "mammals as a class are not strong on sociality"
an economic system in which the government owns most means of production but some degree of private capitalism is allowed
any of various services designed to aid the poor and aged and to increase the welfare of children
an infection that is acquired at a hospital or other healthcare facility (同)cross_infection

PrepTutorEJDIC

『社会の』,社会的な / 『社交界の』,上流社会の / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『社交の』,親睦(しんぼく)の / (アリ・ハチなどが)群居する / 親睦(しんぼく)会,懇親会
社会的に,社会によって / 社交上;社交的に
〈国・制度など〉‘を'社会主義化する / 〈人〉‘を'社会生活に順応させる / 社会的活動に参加する;打ち解けてつき合う

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/21 22:54:02」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The term social refers to a characteristic of living organisms as applied to populations of humans and other animals. It always refers to the interaction of organisms with other organisms and to their collective co-existence, irrespective of whether they are aware of it or not, and irrespective of whether the interaction is voluntary or involuntary.

Etymology

The word "Social" derives from the Latin word socii ("allies"). It is particularly derived from the Italian Socii states, historical allies of the Roman Republic (although they rebelled against Rome in the Social War of 91-88 BC).

Definition

In the absence of agreement about its meaning, the term "social" is used in many different senses and regarded as a fuzzy concept, referring among other things to:

Attitudes, orientations, or behaviors which take the interests, intentions, or needs of other people into account (in contrast to anti-social behaviour) has played some role in defining the idea or the principle. For instance terms like social realism, social justice, social constructivism, social psychology, social anarchism and social capital imply that there is some social process involved or considered, a process that is not there in regular, "non-social" realism, justice, constructivism, psychology, anarchism, or capital.

The adjective "social" is also used often in political discourse, although its meaning in a context depends heavily on who is using it. In left-wing circles it is often used to imply a liberal characteristic, while in right-wing circles it is generally used to imply a conservative characteristic. It should also be noted that, overall, this adjective is used much more often by those on the political left than by those on the political right. For these reasons, those seeking to avoid association with the left-right political debates often seek to label their work with phrases that do not include the word "social". An example is quasi-empiricism in mathematics which is sometimes labelled social constructivism by those who see it as an unwarranted intrusion of social considerations in mathematical practice.

adjective 1. of or relating to society or its organization. "alcoholism is recognized as a major social problem" synonyms: communal, community, collective, group, general, popular, civil, public, societal "a major social problem" antonyms: individual of or relating to rank and status in society. "a recent analysis of social class in Britain" needing companionship and therefore best suited to living in communities. "we are social beings as well as individuals" relating to or designed for activities in which people meet each other for pleasure. "Guy led a full social life" synonyms: recreational, leisure, entertainment, amusement "a social club" 2. ZOOLOGY (of a bird) gregarious; breeding or nesting in colonies. synonyms: gregarious, interactional; organized "a uniquely social animal" (of an insect) living together in organized communities, typically with different castes, as ants, bees, wasps, and termites do. (of a mammal) living together in groups, typically in a hierarchical system with complex communication. noun noun: social; plural noun: socials 1. an informal social gathering, especially one organized by the members of a particular club or group. "a church social" synonyms: party, gathering, function, get-together, soirée;

Social theorists

In the view of Karl Marx^[1] human beings are intrinsically, necessarily and by definition social beings who, beyond being "gregarious creatures", cannot survive and meet their needs other than through social co-operation and association. Their social characteristics are therefore to a large extent an objectively given fact, stamped on them from birth and affirmed by socialization processes; and, according to Marx, in producing and reproducing their material life, people must necessarily enter into relations of production which are "independent of their will".

By contrast, the sociologist Max Weber^[1] for example defines human action as "social" if, by virtue of the subjective meanings attached to the action by individuals, it "takes account of the behavior of others, and is thereby oriented in its course".

Social in "Socialism"

The term "socialism", used from the 1830s onwards in France and the United Kingdom, was directly related to what was called the social question. In essence, early socialists contended that the emergence of competitive market societies did not create "liberty, equality and fraternity" for all citizens, requiring the intervention of politics and social reform to tackle social problems, injustices and grievances (a topic on which Jean-Jacques Rousseau discourses at length in his classic work The Social Contract). Originally the term "socialist" was often used interchangeably with "co-operative", "mutualist", "associationist" and "collectivist" in reference to the organization of economic enterprise socialists advocated, in contrast to the private enterprise and corporate organizational structures inherent to capitalism.

The modern concept of socialism evolved in response to the development of industrial capitalism. The "social" in modern "socialism" came to refer to the specific perspective and understanding socialists had of the development of material, economic forces and determinants of human behavior in society. Specifically, it denoted the perspective that human behavior is largely determined by a person's immediate social environment, that modes of social organization were not supernatural or metaphysical constructs but products of the social system and social environment, which were in turn products of the level of technology/mode of production (the material world), and were therefore constantly changing. Social and economic systems were thus not the product of innate human nature, but of the underlying form of economic organization and level of technology in a given society, implying that human social relations and incentive-structures would also change as social relations and social organization changes in response to improvements in technology and evolving material forces (relations of production). This perspective formed the bulk of the foundation for Karl Marx's materialist conception of history.

Modern uses

In contemporary society, "social" often refers to the redistributive policies of the government which aim to apply resources in the public interest, for example, social security. Policy concerns then include the problems of social exclusion and social cohesion. Here, "social" contrasts with "private" and to the distinction between the public and the private (or privatised) spheres, where ownership relations define access to resources and attention.

The social domain is often also contrasted with that of physical nature, but in sociobiology analogies are drawn between humans and other living species in order to explain social behavior in terms of biological factors. The term "social" is also added in various other academic sub-disciplines such as social geography, social psychology, social anthropology, social philosophy, social ontology, social statistics and social choice theory in mathematics.

References

^ ^a ^b Morrison, Ken. Marx, Durkheim, Weber. Formations of modern social thought

External links

Dolwick, JS. 2009. The 'Social' and Beyond: Introducing Actor Network Theory, article examining different meanings of the concept 'social'
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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「104B003」「109H020」
リンク元	「socially」「社会性」「社会的」「sociality」
拡張検索	「socialize」

「104B003」

　　[★]

WHO憲章(世界保健機関憲章)前文に述べられている「健康」を定義する文章を示す。"Health is a state of complete (　), (　) and (　) well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
(　)内に入る言葉はどれか。3つ選べ。

a　physical
b　ecological
c　mental
d　social
e　economical

[正答]

※国試ナビ4※　［104B002］←［国試_104］→［104B004］

「109H020」

　　[★]

WHO憲章前文に述べられている健康の定義を示す。
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and ( ) well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
( )内に入るのはどれか。