sobriety

　 　 　

WordNet

1. moderation in or abstinence from alcohol or other drugs (同)dryness
2. abstaining from excess (同)temperance

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 酔っていない状態,しらふ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/25 11:03:01」(JST)

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This article is about the avoidance of drugs and alcohol. For other uses, see Sober (disambiguation).

"Clean and sober" redirects here. For the 1988 film, see Clean and Sober.

A midshipman is subjected to a random breathalyzer test to see if he is sober or not.

Sobriety is the condition of not having any measurable levels, or effects from mood-altering drugs. According to WHO "Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms...", sobriety is continued abstinence from psychoactive drug use. Sobriety is also considered to be the natural state of a human being given at a birth. In a treatment setting, sobriety is the achieved goal of independence from consuming or craving mind-altering substances. As such, sustained abstinence is a prerequisite for sobriety. Early in abstinence, residual effects of mind-altering substances can preclude sobriety. These effects are labeled "PAWS", or "post acute withdrawal syndrome". Someone who abstains, but has a latent desire to resume use, is not considered truly sober. An abstainer may be subconsciously motivated to resume drug use, but for a variety of reasons, abstains (e.g. such as a medical or legal concern precluding use). Sobriety has more specific meanings within specific contexts, such as the culture of Alcoholics Anonymous, other 12 step programs, law enforcement, and some schools of psychology. In some cases, sobriety implies achieving "life balance."

12 step programs

Sobriety may refer to being clear of immediate or residual effects of mind-altering substances, referring to a specific substance that is the concern of a particular 12 step program (alcohol, opiates, marijuana, tobacco). "Clean and sober" is a commonly used phrase, which refers to someone having an extended period without drugs or alcohol in their body.

Law enforcement

Field sobriety tests and breathalyzer testing are two ways law enforcement officers often test for sobriety in a suspected drunk driver. These "standardized field sobriety tests" are at the officer's discretion. Standardized tests that can be performed include:

• One-leg stand test
• Walk and turn test
• HGN (eye) test (horizontal gaze nystagmus test)

Non-standardized tests include:

• Romberg's test
• Finger-to-nose test
• Finger-count test
• Hand pat test
• Alphabet recitation test
• Counting numbers backwards

Since these tests rely on cooperation of the subject, the final result often depends on the presiding officer's interpretation. There are many factors that can lead to inaccuracies in sobriety testing including orthopedic or neurologic conditions, and fatigue.

See also

• Sober living environment

References

External links

• Information on what to do if new to the world of sobriety
• Sobriety information website and forum for Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous
• Wiktionary on the word

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. アルコール性肝疾患における肝移植 liver transplantation in alcoholic liver disease
• 2. 成人におけるエタノール 中毒 ethanol intoxication in adults
• 3. メタンフェタミン使用障害：疫学、臨床症状、経過、評価、および診断 methamphetamine use disorder epidemiology clinical manifestations course assessment and diagnosis
• 4. アルコール乱用および依存の心理社会的治療 psychosocial treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence
• 5. 薬物乱用があった母親の乳児 infants of mothers with substance abuse

English Journal

• Perceived access to reinforcers as a function of alcohol consumption among one first nation group.

• Spillane NS, Smith GT, Kahler CW.SourceCenter for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
• Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.Alcohol Clin Exp Res.2013 Jan;37 Suppl 1:E314-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01864.x. Epub 2012 Jul 23.
• BACKGROUND: Spillane and Smith (2007, Psychol Bull 133:395-418) postulated that high levels of problem drinking in some First Nation (FN) communities resulted in part from the perception that there is low access to alternative reinforcers (e.g., jobs, friendships, family relationships, and financial
• PMID 22823415

• Drinking history associations with regional white matter volumes in alcoholic men and women.

• Ruiz SM, Oscar-Berman M, Sawyer KS, Valmas MM, Urban T, Harris GJ.SourceGraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Psychology Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.
• Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.Alcohol Clin Exp Res.2013 Jan;37(1):110-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01862.x. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
• BACKGROUND: Alcoholism has been repeatedly associated with gray and white matter pathology. Although neuroimaging has shown alcoholism-related brain volume reductions and axonal compromise, the integrity of white matter volumes in chronic alcoholism has been challenging to measure on a regional leve
• PMID 22725728

• Efficacy of frequent monitoring with swift, certain, and modest sanctions for violations: insights from South Dakota's 24/7 Sobriety Project.

• Kilmer B, Nicosia N, Heaton P, Midgette G.SourceRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA. kilmer@rand.org
• American journal of public health.Am J Public Health.2013 Jan;103(1):e37-43. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300989. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
• OBJECTIVES: We examined the public health impact of South Dakota's 24/7 Sobriety Project, an innovative program requiring individuals arrested for or convicted of alcohol-involved offenses to submit to breathalyzer tests twice per day or wear a continuous alcohol monitoring bracelet. Those testing p
• PMID 23153129

• Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Reducing Road Traffic Injuries Related to Driving under the Influence of Alcohol.

• Ditsuwan V, Lennert Veerman J, Bertram M, Vos T.SourceFaculty of Health and Sports Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Province, Thailand; School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: vallop.ditsuwan@uqconnect.edu.au.
• Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research.Value Health.2013 Jan;16(1):23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.2209. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce road traffic injuries caused by driving under the influence of alcohol in Thailand.METHODS: We used generalized cost-effectiveness analysis and included costs from a health sector perspective. The model considered road traffic
• PMID 23337212

Japanese Journal

• 女性アルコール依存症者の心理機制に関するアンケートによる分析

• 奥田 正英,水野 将己,石井 啓子 [他]
• アディクションと家族 : 日本嗜癖行動学会誌 28(4), 275-284, 2012-09
• NAID 40019432863

• 女性酒害者の断酒に影響する要因について : 女性断酒達成群と非達成群との比較とアンケート調査

• 奥田 正英,根木 淳,水野 将己 [他]
• アディクションと家族 : 日本嗜癖行動学会誌 28(2), 114-121, 2012-03
• NAID 40019253314

• アルコール問題をめぐる近年の社会的状況の変化と自助集団--全日本断酒連盟の公益法人化をめぐって

• 松下 武志
• 社会学論叢 (171), 1-20, 2011-06
• NAID 40018941100

• 断酒率に影響した家族学習プログラムの効果の解析

• 奥田 正英,大草 英文,田中 雅博 [他]
• 精神医学 52(10), 1005-1011, 2010-10
• NAID 40017318596

Related Links

• Sobriety - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the avoidance of drugs and alcohol. For other uses, see Sober (disambiguation). A midshipman is subjected to a random breathalyzer test to see if he is sober or not. Sobriety is the condition of not having any measurable ...

• Sobriety | Define Sobriety at Dictionary.com

Sobriety definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now!

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