slosh

WordNet

spill or splash copiously or clumsily; "slosh paint all over the walls" (同)slush, slosh around, slush around

PrepTutorEJDIC

《副詞[句]を伴って》(泥水・水をはねながら)バチャバチャ歩く / 〈液体が〉はね返る / 〈液体など〉‘を'はね返す;(液体の中で)〈物〉‘を'かき混ぜる / 《英俗》…‘を'打つ
酔っぱらった

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/13 21:40:30」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

"Slosh" redirects here. For the storm surge model, see Sea, Lake, and Overland Surge from Hurricanes.

Sloshing wine

In fluid dynamics, slosh refers to the movement of liquid inside another object (which is, typically, also undergoing motion). Strictly speaking, the liquid must have a free surface to constitute a slosh dynamics problem, where the dynamics of the liquid can interact with the container to alter the system dynamics significantly.^[1] Important examples include propellant slosh in spacecraft tanks and rockets (especially upper stages), and cargo slosh in ships and trucks transporting liquids (for example oil and gasoline). However, it has become common to refer to liquid motion in a completely filled tank, i.e. without a free surface, as "fuel slosh".^{[not verified in body]} Such motion is characterized by "inertial waves" and can be an important effect in spinning spacecraft dynamics. Extensive mathematical and empirical relationships have been derived to describe liquid slosh.^[2] These types of analyses are typically undertaken using computational fluid dynamics and finite element methods to solve the fluid-structure interaction problem, especially if the solid container is flexible. Relevant fluid dynamics non-dimensional parameters include the Bond number, the Weber number, and the Reynolds number.

Slosh is an important effect for spacecraft,^[3] ships, and some aircraft. Slosh was a factor in the recent Falcon 1 second test flight anomaly, and has been implicated in various other spacecraft anomalies, including a near-disaster^[4] with the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR Shoemaker) satellite.

Spacecraft effects[edit]

Liquid slosh in microgravity^[5]^[6] is relevant to spacecraft, most commonly Earth-orbiting satellites, and must take account of liquid surface tension which can alter the shape (and thus the eigenvalues) of the liquid slug. Typically, a large part of the mass fraction of a satellite is liquid propellant at/near Beginning of Life (BOL), and slosh can adversely affect satellite performance in a number of ways. For example, propellant slosh can introduce uncertainty in spacecraft attitude (pointing) which is often called jitter. Similar phenomena can cause pogo oscillation and can result in structural failure of space vehicle.

Another example is problematic interaction with the spacecraft Attitude Control System (ACS), especially for spinning satellites^[7] which can suffer resonance between slosh and nutation, or adverse changes to the rotational inertia. Because of these types of risk, in the 1960s the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) extensively studied^[8] liquid slosh in spacecraft tanks, and in the 1990s NASA undertook the Middeck 0-Gravity Dynamics Experiment^[9] on the space shuttle. The European Space Agency has advanced these investigations^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] with the launch of SLOSHSAT. Most spinning spacecraft since 1980 have been tested at the Applied Dynamics Laboratories drop tower using sub-scale models.^[14] Extensive contributions have also been made^[15] by the Southwest Research Institute, but research is widespread^[16] in academia and industry.

Research is continuing into slosh effects on in-space propellant depots. In October 2009, the Air Force and United Launch Alliance (ULA) performed an experimental on-orbit demonstration on a modified Centaur upper stage on the DMSP-18 satellite launch in order to improve "understanding of propellant settling and slosh." "The light weight of DMSP-18 allowed 12,000 pounds (5,400 kg) of remaining LO₂ and LH₂ propellant, 28% of Centaur’s capacity," for the on-orbit tests. The post-spacecraft mission extension ran 2.4 hours before the planned deorbit burn was executed.^[17] ULA has additional small-scale demonstrations of cryogenic fluid management are planned with project CRYOTE in 2012-2014^[18] leading to a ULA large-scale cryo-sat propellant depot test under the NASA flagship technology demonstration program in 2015.^[18]

Practical effects[edit]

Sloshing or shifting cargo, water ballast, or other liquid (e.g. from leaks or fire fighting) can cause disastrous capsizing in ships due to free surface effect; this can also affect trucks and aircraft.

The effect of slosh is used to limit the bounce of a roller hockey ball. Water slosh can significantly reduce the rebound height of a ball^[19] but some amounts of liquid seem to lead to a resonance effect. Many of the balls for roller hockey commonly available contain water to reduce the bounce height.

References[edit]

^ Moiseyev, N.N. & V.V. Rumyantsev. "Dynamic Stability of Bodies Containing Fluid." Springer-Verlag, 1968.
^ Ibrahim, Raouf A. (2005). Liquid Sloshing Dynamics: Theory and Applications. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521838856.
^ Reyhanoglu, M. "Maneuvering control problems for a spacecraft with unactuated fuel slosh dynamics." Control Applications, 2003. Proc 2003 IEEE Conference. Volume 1, 23-25 June 2003, pp695-699.
^ Veldman, A.E.P. et al. "The Numerical Simulation of Liquid Sloshing On-Board Spacecraft." J. Comp. Phys. 224 (2007) 82-99.
^ Monti, R. "Physics of Fluids in Microgravity." CRC, 2002.
^ Antar, B.N. & V.S. Nuotio-Antar. "Fundamentals of Low Gravity Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer." CRC, 1994.
^ Hubert, C. "Behavior of Spinning Space Vehicles with Onboard Liquids." NASA GSFC Symposium, 2003.
^ Abramson, H.N. "The Dynamic Behavior of Liquids in Moving Containers." NASA SP-106, 1966.
^ Crawley, E.F. & M.C. Van Schoor & E.B. Bokhour. "The Middeck 0-Gravity Dynamics Experiment: Summary Report." NASA-CR-4500, Mar 1993.
^ Vreeburg, J.P.B. "Measured States of SLOSHSAT FLEVO." IAC-05-C1.2.09, Oct 2005.
^ Prins, J.J.M. "SLOSHSAT FLEVO Project, Flight and Lessons Learned." IAC-05-B5.3./B5.5.05, Oct 2005.
^ Luppes, R. & J.A. Helder & A.E.P. Veldman. "Liquid Sloshing in Microgravity." IAC-05-A2.2.07, Oct 2005.
^ Vreeburg, J.P.B. "SLOSHSAT Spacecraft Calibration at Stationary Spin Rates." J. Spacecraft & Rockets, v45, n1, p65, Jan/Feb 2008.
^ "Partial List of Spacecraft Tested by ADL". Applied Dynamics Laboratories. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
^ "18-Fluid Dynamics in Space Vehicles Brochure". Swri.org. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
^ "Slosh Central". Sloshcentral.bbbeard.org. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
^ Successful Flight Demonstration Conducted by the Air Force and United Launch Alliance Will Enhance Space Transportation: DMSP-18, United Launch Alliance, October 2009, accessed 2011-01-10.
^ ^a ^b Propellant Depots Made Simple, Bernard Kutter, United Launch Alliance, FISO Colloquium, 2010-11-10, accessed 2011-01-10.
^ Sport ball for roller hockey; U.S. Patent 5516098; May 14, 1996; Jeffrey Aiello.

Other references[edit]

(English) Meserole, J.S., A. Fortini (1987), “Slosh Dynamics in a Toroidal Tank,” Journal Spacecraft, Volume 24, Number 6, November-December 1987
(English) NASA (1969), Slosh suppression, May 1969, PDF, 36p

English Journal

Effect of slosh mitigation on histologic markers of traumatic brain injury: laboratory investigation.

Turner RC, Naser ZJ, Bailes JE, Smith DW, Fisher JA, Rosen CL.SourceDepartment of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9183, USA.
Journal of neurosurgery.J Neurosurg.2012 Dec;117(6):1110-8. doi: 10.3171/2012.8.JNS12358. Epub 2012 Sep 21.
OBJECT: Helmets successfully prevent most cranial fractures and skull traumas, but traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concussions continue to occur with frightening frequency despite the widespread use of helmets on the athletic field and battlefield. Protection against such injury is needed. The obje
PMID 22998060

Sickness presenteeism is more than an alternative to sickness absence: results from the population-based SLOSH study.

Leineweber C, Westerlund H, Hagberg J, Svedberg P, Alexanderson K.SourceStress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. constanze.leineweber@stressforskning.su.se
International archives of occupational and environmental health.Int Arch Occup Environ Health.2012 Nov;85(8):905-14. doi: 10.1007/s00420-012-0735-y. Epub 2012 Jan 24.
PURPOSE: Sickness presenteeism, defined as 'going to work despite judging that one should have reported in sick', is usually considered to be a complementary alternative to sickness absence. Nonetheless, several studies have reported a positive association between sickness absence and sickness prese
PMID 22270388

Subjective social status: its determinants and association with health in the Swedish working population (the SLOSH study).

Miyakawa M, Magnusson Hanson LL, Theorell T, Westerlund H.SourceStress Research Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. miyakawa@hosei.ac.jp
European journal of public health.Eur J Public Health.2012 Aug;22(4):593-7. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr064. Epub 2011 Jun 6.
BACKGROUND: This study aims to confirm associations between subjective social status (SSS) and health in the Swedish working population, to investigate if SSS is related to health over and above conventional measures of socio-economic status and to identify factors related to perception of SSS.METHO
PMID 21646364

Work-family conflict and health in Swedish working women and men: a 2-year prospective analysis (the SLOSH study).

Leineweber C, Baltzer M, Magnusson Hanson LL, Westerlund H.SourceStress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
European journal of public health.Eur J Public Health.2012 Jun 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Background: Research has suggested that gender is related to perceptions of work-family conflict (WFC) and an underlying assumption is that interference of paid work with family life will burden women more than men. There is, however, mixed evidence as to whether men and women report different level
PMID 22683777

Japanese Journal

105 回転する涙滴形タンク内スロッシングのメカニカルモデル

内海雅彦
Dynamics & Design Conference 2005, "105-1"-"105-6", 2005-08-22
… A previously reported slosh analysis method is applied to the sloshing problem for a teardrop tank with non-axisymmetric static liquid domain. … For a rotating tank, a mechanical model cannot be developed for a certain direction of tank excitation since the Coriolis acceleration causes coupling between the slosh motions in two orthogonal directions that are parallel to the static liquid surface. …
NAID 110006655093

涙滴形タンク内スロッシングのメカニカルモデル : 重力・遠心力比による液面傾斜の変化とコリオリ力を考慮した修正モデル(機械力学,計測,自動制御)

内海雅彦
日本機械学會論文集. C編 71(705), 1489-1497, 2005-05-25
… The Coriolis acceleration causes coupling between the slosh motions in two orthogonal directions that are parallel to the static liquid surface. …
NAID 110006264691

1005 冠循環血流に及ぼす心筋収縮の影響に関する生体外模擬実験(GS-2,5 連成問題・界面,研究発表講演)

森園考次,大場謙吉,桜井篤,田地川勉
関西支部講演会講演論文集 2005(80), "10-9"-"10-10", 2005-03-18
We investigate the relationship between myocardial contraction and coronary blood flow using an enlarged artery model in vitro. In the coronary artery, intramyocardial blood flow is exclusively diasto …
NAID 110006187518

Related Pictures

[1] Moiseyev, N.N. & V.V. Rumyantsev. "Dynamic Stability of Bodies Containing Fluid." Springer-Verlag, 1968.

[2] Ibrahim, Raouf A. (2005). Liquid Sloshing Dynamics: Theory and Applications. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521838856.

[3] Reyhanoglu, M. "Maneuvering control problems for a spacecraft with unactuated fuel slosh dynamics." Control Applications, 2003. Proc 2003 IEEE Conference. Volume 1, 23-25 June 2003, pp695-699.

[4] Veldman, A.E.P. et al. "The Numerical Simulation of Liquid Sloshing On-Board Spacecraft." J. Comp. Phys. 224 (2007) 82-99.

[5] Monti, R. "Physics of Fluids in Microgravity." CRC, 2002.

[6] Antar, B.N. & V.S. Nuotio-Antar. "Fundamentals of Low Gravity Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer." CRC, 1994.

[7] Hubert, C. "Behavior of Spinning Space Vehicles with Onboard Liquids." NASA GSFC Symposium, 2003.

[8] Abramson, H.N. "The Dynamic Behavior of Liquids in Moving Containers." NASA SP-106, 1966.

[9] Crawley, E.F. & M.C. Van Schoor & E.B. Bokhour. "The Middeck 0-Gravity Dynamics Experiment: Summary Report." NASA-CR-4500, Mar 1993.

[10] Vreeburg, J.P.B. "Measured States of SLOSHSAT FLEVO." IAC-05-C1.2.09, Oct 2005.

[11] Prins, J.J.M. "SLOSHSAT FLEVO Project, Flight and Lessons Learned." IAC-05-B5.3./B5.5.05, Oct 2005.

[12] Luppes, R. & J.A. Helder & A.E.P. Veldman. "Liquid Sloshing in Microgravity." IAC-05-A2.2.07, Oct 2005.

[13] Vreeburg, J.P.B. "SLOSHSAT Spacecraft Calibration at Stationary Spin Rates." J. Spacecraft & Rockets, v45, n1, p65, Jan/Feb 2008.

[14] "Partial List of Spacecraft Tested by ADL". Applied Dynamics Laboratories. Retrieved 30 April 2013.

[15] "18-Fluid Dynamics in Space Vehicles Brochure". Swri.org. Retrieved 2012-03-09.

[16] "Slosh Central". Sloshcentral.bbbeard.org. Retrieved 2012-03-09.

[ula200910-17] Successful Flight Demonstration Conducted by the Air Force and United Launch Alliance Will Enhance Space Transportation: DMSP-18, United Launch Alliance, October 2009, accessed 2011-01-10.

[fiso20101110-18] Propellant Depots Made Simple, Bernard Kutter, United Launch Alliance, FISO Colloquium, 2010-11-10, accessed 2011-01-10.

[19] Sport ball for roller hockey; U.S. Patent 5516098; May 14, 1996; Jeffrey Aiello.

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