頓用

WordNet

seek or achieve an end by using to ones advantage; "She uses her influential friends to get jobs"; "The presidents wife used her good connections"
the act of using; "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs"; "skilled in the utilization of computers" (同)usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise
a particular service; "he put his knowledge to good use"; "patrons have their uses"
(law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat" (同)enjoyment
use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school questions" (同)expend
take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely" (同)habituate
put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I cant use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesnt know how to use a computer" (同)utilize, utilise, apply, employ
habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall"; "They used to vacation in the Bahamas"
used of flowers having usually only one row or whorl of petals; "single chrysanthemums resemble daisies and may have more than one row of petals"
a base hit on which the batter stops safely at first base (同)bingle
not divided among or brought to bear on more than one object or objective; "judging a contest with a single eye"; "a single devotion to duty"; "undivided affection"; "gained their exclusive attention" (同)undivided, exclusive
existing alone or consisting of one entity or part or aspect or individual; "upon the hill stood a single tower"; "had but a single thought which was to escape"; "a single survivor"; "a single serving"; "a single lens"; "a single thickness"
having uniform application; "a single legal code for all"
hit a single; "the batter singled to left field"
to make melodious sounds; "The nightingale was singing"
deliver by singing; "Sing Christmas carols"
produce tones with the voice; "She was singing while she was cooking"; "My brother sings very well"
badminton played with one person on each side
tennis played with one person on each side

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈道具など〉‘を'『使う』,用いる / …‘を'『費す』,消費する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人など〉‘を'『扱う』 / …‘を'自分の都合のいいように合用する / 〈U〉『使用』,利用 / 〈U〉『役に立つこと』,効用,利益(usefulness) / 〈U〉使う必要(場合),使用する機会,入り用 / 〈C〉〈U〉使用の目的,用途 / 〈U〉使用する権利 / 〈U〉使い方 / 〈U〉(身体などを)使う能力
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『たった一つ』(『一人』)『の』,単独の;《否定文で》ただ一つ(一人)(もない) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『一人用の』・『独身の』・《名詞の前にのみ用いて》個々の,別々の / 単一の,単式の;(花が)一重咲きの,単弁の / 《英》(切符が)片道の / 〈C〉一人,1個;独身者 / 〈C〉《話》(ホテルの部屋,船室,列車寝台などの)一人用 / 〈C〉(野球で)シングルヒット,単打 / 《複数形で》(テニスなどの)シングルスの試合,単試合 / 《英》片道切符 / 《複数形で》《話》1ドル(ポンド)札 / …‘を'1人(1個)だけ選び出す《+『out』+『名,』+『名』+『out』》 / (野球で)シングルヒットを打つ
『歌う』;(…に)歌って聞かせる《+『to』(『for』)+『名』》;(楽器に合わせて)歌う《+『to』+『名』》・〈小鳥・虫などが〉『鳴く』,さえずる / 《文》(…を)詩(歌)にする,(詩(歌)を詠んで)賛美する《+『of』+『名』》・〈小川・風・弾丸・湯沸かし・耳などが〉歌うように鳴る・《米語》自白する;密告する・〈歌〉‘を'歌う・《副詞[句]を伴って》歌って…‘を'(…に)する・…‘を'唱える,詠唱する・《文》…‘を'詩(歌)にする,(詩(歌)に詠んで)賛美する・合唱の集い
『使い古しの』,使用した
(…に)『慣れている』《+to+名(doing)》
『…するのが常だった』,よく…したものだ / 『以前は…した』

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/26 16:19:41」(JST)

wiki en

Disposable is an adjective meaning the ability of something to be disposed of or thrown away after use. Many people now use the term as a noun, i.e. "a disposable" but in reality this is still an adjective as the noun (product, nappy, etc.) is implied. Disposable income is the amount of money left over from one's salary or pay for spending, saving or whatever, after all living costs have been taken out. A disposable (also called disposable product) is a product designed for a single use after which it is recycled or is disposed as solid waste. The term often implies cheapness and short-term convenience rather than medium to long-term durability. The term is also sometimes used for products that may last several months (e.g. disposable air filters) to distinguish from similar products that last indefinitely (e.g. washable air filters). The word "disposables" is not to be confused with the word "consumables" which is widely used in the mechanical world. In welding for example, welding rods, tips, nozzles, gas, etc. are considered to be "consumables" as they only last a certain amount of time before needing to be replaced.

Materials

Disposable products are most often made from paper, plastic, cotton, or polystyrene foam.

Examples of disposables

Kitchen & dining products

Disposable dishware / drinkware (e.g. plates, bowls, cups)
Plastic cutlery (e.g. spoons, knives, forks, sporks)
Disposable table cloth
Cans, bottles, jars, cartons, wrappers and other food packaging are largely recyclable, and some are even compostable
Inexpensive tupperware products are recyclable
Cupcake wrappers, coffee filters are compostable

Food service industry disposables

In 2002, Taiwan began taking action to reduce the use of disposable tableware at institutions and businesses, and to reduce the use of plastic bags. Yearly, the nation of 17.7 million people was producing 59,000 tons of disposable tableware waste and 105,000 tons of waste plastic bags, and increasing measures have been taken in the years since then to reduce the amount of waste.^[1] In 2013 Taiwan's Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) banned outright the use of disposable tableware in the nation's 968 schools, government agencies and hospitals. The ban is expected to eliminate 2,600 metric tons of waste yearly.^[2]

In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, laws banning use of disposable food and drink containers at large scale events have been enacted. Such a ban has been in place in Munich, Germany since 1991, applying to all city facilities and events. This includes events of all sizes, including very large ones (Christmas market, Auer-Dult Faire, Oktoberfest and Munich City Marathon). For small events of a few hundred people, the city has arranged for a corporation offer rental of crockery and dishwasher equipment. In part through this regulation, Munich reduced the waste generated by Oktoberfest, which attracts tens of thousands of people, from 11,000 metric tons in 1990 to 550 tons in 1999.^[3]

China produces about 57 billion pairs of single-use chopsticks yearly, of which half are exported. About 45 percent are made from trees – about 3.8 million of them – mainly cotton wood, birch, and spruce, the remainder being made from bamboo. Japan uses about 24 billion pairs of these disposables per year, and globally the use is about 80 billion pairs are thrown away by about 1.4 million people. Reusable chopsticks in restaurants have a lifespan of 130 meals. In Japan, with disposable ones costing about 2 cents and reusable ones costing typically $1.17, the reusables better the $2.60 breakeven cost. Campaigns in several countries to reduce this waste are beginning to have some effect.^[4]^[5]

Medical & Hygiene products

Medical and surgical device manufacturers worldwide produce a multitude of items that are intended for one use only. The primary reason is infection control; when an item is used only once it cannot transmit infectious agents to subsequent patients. Manufacturers of any type of medical device are obliged to abide by numerous standards and regulations. ISO 15223: Medical Devices and EN 980 cite that single use instruments or devices be labelled as such on their packaging with a universally recognized symbol to denote "do not re-use," "single use," or "use only once". This symbol is the numeral 2, within a circle with a 45° line through it.

Examples of single use items include:

Hypodermic needles
Toilet paper
Disposable towels, paper towels
Condoms and other contraception products
Disposable enemas and similar products
Cotton swabs and pads
Medical and cleaning gloves
Baby and adult diapers, and training pants
Shaving razors, waxing kits, combs, and other hair control products
Toothbrushes, dental floss, and other oral care products
Hospital aprons
Disposable panties in postpartum
Contact lenses

Electronics

Non-rechargeable batteries are considered hazardous waste and should only be disposed of as such.
Disposable ink cart
Disposable cameras

Defense and law enforcement

PlastiCuffs

Other consumer products

Paper shopping bags can be reused and are recyclable
Plastic shopping bags can be reused and are also recyclable at many grocery stores
Vacuum cleaner bags, water, air, coolant, and other filters
Paper currency (worn out banknotes are removed from circulation by the Federal Reserve)
Ballpoint pens, erasers, and other writing implements
Aseptic milk and soy milk containers

Environmental impact

The use of disposable products had led to a marked increase in trash and is a major cause of overconsumption. Some movements, such as landfill diversion, seek to combat disposable item overuse and the resulting trash.

References

^ Env. Research Foundation (undated). Taiwan’s Plastics Ban.
^ China Post. June 5, 2013. EPA to ban disposable cups from June 1.
^ Pre-Waste EU. (undated). Ban on disposable food and drink containers at events in Munich, Germany (Pre-waste factsheet 99)
^ New York Times. Reus Oct. 24, 2011. Disposable Chopsticks Strip Asian Forests. By Rachel Nuwer.
^ Ecopedia. 2013. How Wooden Chopsticks Are Killing Nature. By Alastair Shaw.

External links

How disposable chopsticks are made (video).

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PMID 25957065

Japanese Journal

GPUにおける3倍・4倍精度浮動小数点演算の実現と性能評価

椋木大地,高橋大介
情報処理学会論文誌. コンピューティングシステム 6(1), 66-77, 2013-01-31
… 4 倍精度演算には Double-Double 型 (DD型) の 4 倍精度演算 (DD演算) を用いた.一方で 3 倍精度演算として新たに, Double+Single 型 (D+S型) ・Double+Int 型 (D+I型) の 3 倍精度フォーマットを提案し,内部の計算に DD 演算を用いることで 3 倍精度演算を行う手法を実装した. …
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Plasmonics: Future Outlook

Kawata Satoshi
Jpn J Appl Phys 52(1), 010001-010001-10, 2013-01-25
… The use of surface plasmons has been proposed in various fields, such as nanometer-resolution near-field optical microscopy, nanoscale optical circuits, single-molecule detection, molecular sensors, cancer treatment, solar cells, lasers, and holography. …
NAID 150000106260

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「頓用」
関連記事	「use」「single」「sing」「using」

「頓用」

　　[★]

英: single use

http://www.pharm.or.jp/dictionary/wiki.cgi?%E9%A0%93%E7%94%A8
患者の主訴を軽減・消失させる目的で、症状が出たときやひどいときなどに必要に応じて薬を服用（使用）するよう指示するための用法（眠れない時、痛い時、吐き気のある時、便秘時、（喘息、狭心症などの）発作時など）。原則的にはあくまで速効性のある薬によって症状を一時的に抑える対症療法であり、症状がないときにむやみに使用しないこと、適切な用量や使用間隔などを守って使用すること、といった点に留意する必要がある。