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relating to or resembling an ape; "simian features"
an ape or monkey

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類人猿の,猿のような / 類人猿,猿
(ズボンの)折り目;(紙・布・服などの)しわ / 〈ズボン〉‘に'折り目をつける;…'を'しわにする / (…で)〈人〉'を'大笑いさせる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 折り目がつく;しわがよる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/20 18:37:47」(JST)

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In humans, a single transverse palmar crease is a single crease that extends across the palm of the hand, formed by the fusion of the two palmar creases (known in the pseudoscience of palmistry as the "heart line" and the "head line") is found in half of people with Down Syndrome.^[1]^[2]^[3] It is also found in 10% of the general population.^[3]

Because it resembles the usual condition of non-human simians, it is also known as a simian crease or simian line, although these terms have widely fallen out of favor due to their pejorative connotation.^[4]

Medical significance

Single palmar creases are less common than two palmar creases, however 10% of the population have one palmar crease on one hand and 5% have one palmar crease on both hands. It is sometimes associated with Down syndrome, though other physical symptoms would also be manifested with this relatively rare syndrome.^[5]

Males are twice as likely as females to have this characteristic, and it tends to run in families. In its non-symptomatic form, it is more common among Asians and the presence of a single transverse palmar crease can be, but is not always, a symptom associated with abnormal medical conditions, such as fetal alcohol syndrome, or with genetic chromosomal abnormalities, including Down Syndrome (chromosome 21), cri du chat syndrome (chromosome 5), Klinefelter syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome, Noonan syndrome (chromosome 12), Patau syndrome (chromosome 13), Edward's syndrome (chromosome 18), and Aarskog-Scott syndrome (X-linked recessive). A unilateral single palmar crease was also reported in a case of chromosome 9 mutation causing Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and Robinow syndrome.^[6] It is also sometimes found on the hand of the affected side of patients with Poland Syndrome and craniosynostosis.

Additional images

Single transverse palmar crease in an adult
More common palmar creases in adults

References

^ McPherson M.D., Katrina (2004-05-03). "Simian crease". Medical Encyclopedia. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
^ "Definition of Simian crease". MedicineNet. MedicineNet, Inc. 2005. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
^ ^a ^b Hammer, edited by Stephen J. McPhee, Gary D. (2010). "Pathophysiology of Selected Genetic Diseases". Pathophysiology of disease : an introduction to clinical medicine (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. Chapter 2. ISBN 9780071621670.
^ Cooley, W. Carl; Wilson, Golder (2000). Preventive management of children with congenital anomalies and syndromes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 147. ISBN 0-521-77673-2.
^ "Newborn baby tests and checks". BabyCentre. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
^ "Interstitial deletion of chromosome 9, int del(9)(9q22.31-q31.2), including the genes causing multiple basal cell nevus syndrome and Robinow/brachydactyly 1 syndrome - Springer". Springerlink.com. 2003-02-01. Retrieved 2013-01-10.

External links

An example of a single transverse palmar crease

UpToDate Contents

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1. ダウン症：臨床的特徴および診断 down syndrome clinical features and diagnosis
2. 新生児の評価 assessment of the newborn infant
3. 先天性奇形に対するアプローチ approach to congenital malformations
4. 幼児の表出性言語遅滞（「late talking」） overview of expressive language delay late talking in young children
5. 嚢胞性腎疾患の胎児超音波診断 prenatal sonographic diagnosis of cystic renal disease

English Journal

Robinow Syndrome: A Rare Diagnosis.

Mishra S1, Agarwalla SK2, Pradhan S3.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR.J Clin Diagn Res.2015 Dec;9(12):SD04-5. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/15078.6949. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
Robinow syndrome is a rare entity characterized by short stature and abnormalities of the head, face and external genitalia. It is otherwise called 'fetal face syndrome' due to its resemblance with fetal face. We present an eight-year-old female child who came with mesomelic short stature, abnormal
PMID 26816964

Complex translocation among chromosomes 2, 3, 9, 15, 18, 20 in a patient with 3p-syndrome.

Omrani MD1, Saleh Gargari S2, Azizi F3, Safavi Naini N3, Omrani S4.
Archives of Iranian medicine.Arch Iran Med.2014 Jul;17(7):521-2. doi: 0141707/AIM.0014.
A 3-month old girl with monosomy for distal part of the short arm of chromosome 3 is described. Physical examination showed growth retardation, microcephaly, ptosis, micrognathia, low set ears, broad nasal bridge, Simian crease, long philtrum, thin lips and hypertelorism. The patient's clinical phen
PMID 24979567

A 1.37-Mb 12p11.22-p11.21 deletion coincident with a 367-kb 22q11.2 duplication detected by array comparative genomic hybridization in an adolescent girl with autism and difficulty in self-care of menstruation.

Chen CP1, Lin SP2, Chern SR3, Wu PS4, Su JW5, Lee CC6, Wang W7.
Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology.Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol.2014 Mar;53(1):74-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.10.037.
OBJECTIVE: To present an array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) characterization of a 12p11.22-p11.21 microdeletion and 22q11.2 microduplication in an adolescent girl with autism, mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, behavior problems, and an apparently balanced reciprocal t
PMID 24767651

Japanese Journal

A case having an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 12

Kadotani T.,Sawano K.,Saito T.,Watanabe Y.,Minatozaki K.
Chromosome science 4(1), 45-46, 2000
… His clinical findings were mentally and physically delayed development, short stature, light-brown colored hair, frontal bossing, ear deformity, simian crease and short 5th finger of the left. …
NAID 110003723388

Prenatal and postnatal evaluation of Dandy-Walker malformation : a case report

Takusa Yuichi,Saitou Kyoko,Sejima Hitoshi,Kimura Masahiko,Kishi Kazuko,Hata Toshiyuki,Miyazaki Kohji,Moritake Kouzo,Yamaguchi Seiji
Shimane journal of medical science 16(1), 5-7, 1998-06
… Circumference of the head was normal and no extracranial anomalies except for the left simian crease were noted. …
NAID 110000012518

「猿線」

Single transverse palmar crease
	Single transverse palmar crease on an infant's hand
Classification and external resources
ICD-9-CM	757.2 (CDC/BPA 757.200)
MedlinePlus	003290
	[edit on Wikidata]