silver screen

　

WordNet

1. the film industry
2. project onto a screen for viewing; "screen a film"
3. a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something; "a screen of trees afforded privacy"; "under cover of darkness"; "the brush provided a covert for game"; "the simplest concealment is to match perfectly the color of the background" (同)cover, covert, concealment
4. the display that is electronically created on the surface of the large end of a cathode-ray tube (同)CRT screen
5. a white or silvered surface where pictures can be projected for viewing (同)silver_screen, projection screen
6. a protective covering consisting of netting; can be mounted in a frame; "they put screens in the windows for protection against insects"; "a metal screen protected the observers"
7. partition consisting of a decorative frame or panel that serves to divide a space
8. prevent from entering; "block out the strong sunlight" (同)block_out
9. examine in order to test suitability; "screen these samples"; "screen the job applicants" (同)screen out, sieve, sort
10. test or examine for the presence of disease or infection; "screen the blood for the HIV virus" (同)test
11. examine methodically; "screen the suitcases"
12. made from or largely consisting of silver; "silver bracelets"
13. a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography (同)Ag, atomic number 47
14. coins made of silver
15. make silver in color; "Her worries had silvered her hair"
16. turn silver; "The mans hair silvered very attractively"
17. having the white lustrous sheen of silver; "a land of silver (or silvern) rivers where the salmon leap"; "repeated scrubbings have given the wood a silvery sheen" (同)silvern, silvery
18. coat with a layer of silver or a silver amalgam; "silver the necklace"
19. fabric of metal or plastic mesh
20. testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics
21. the display of a motion picture (同)showing, viewing

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (わくのついた)『金網』,網戸 / 『ついたて』,びょうぶ / 『隠すもの』,遮蔽(しゃへい)物,保護物 / (映画・スライドの)映写幕,スクリーン / (テレビなどの)映像スクリーン / 《the screen》《集合的に》映画[産業];映画界 / (じゃり・砂などの)ふるい / …‘に'網戸をつける,金網を付ける / 《しばしば受動態で》…‘を'『隠す』,保護する / (…から)…‘を'仕切る《+『off』+『名』(+『名』+『out』)+『from』+『名』》 / 〈じゃり・砂など〉‘を'ふるいにかける / (ふるいにかけるように)…‘を'除去する,濾過(ろか)する《+『out』+『名』,+『名』+『out』》 / 《しばしば受動態で》…‘を'えり分ける,選別(選抜)する / 《通例受動態で》〈映画〉‘を'上映する
2. 『銀』(金属元素;化学記号は『Ag』) / (商品・通貨基準としての)銀 / 『銀貨』(一般に銀白色の)硬貨 / 《集合的に》『銀(銀めっき)の食器類』,銀器 / 『銀製の』,銀めっきした / 銀色の,銀白色の / …‘に'銀めっきする / 《文》…‘を'銀色にする / 銀色になる
3. 映写,上映 / (志願者などを)選抜すること
4. (山腹の)じゃり石;(急斜面にかたまった)石くず(人が踏むと崩れ落ちる)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/06 12:45:58」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Silver screen (disambiguation).

A silver screen, also known as a silver lenticular screen, is a type of projection screen that was popular in the early years of the motion picture industry and passed into popular usage as a metonym for the cinema industry. The term silver screen comes from the actual silver (or similarly reflective aluminium) content embedded in the material that made up the screen's highly reflective surface.

Actual metallic screens are coming back into use in projecting 3-D films.

Characteristics

Silver lenticular (vertically ridged) screens, which are made from a tightly woven fabric, either natural, such as silk, or a synthetic fiber, were excellent for use with low-power projector lamp heads and the monochromatic images that were a staple of early projected images. Other silver screens are made by taking normal matte sheets and adhering silver dust to them; the effect is the same.

True silver screens, however, provide narrower horizontal/vertical viewing angles compared to their more modern counterparts because of their inability to completely disperse light. In addition, a single projection source tends to over-saturate the center of the screen and leave the peripheries darker, depending on the position of the viewer and how well adjusted the lamp head is, a phenomenon known as hot-spotting. Due to these limitations and the continued innovation of screen materials, the use of silver screens in the general motion picture exhibition industry has mostly been phased out.

Use in 3-D projection

Silver lenticular screens, while no longer employed as the standard for motion picture projection, have come back into use as they are ideally suited for modern polarized 3-D projection. The percentage of light reflected from a non-metallic (dielectric) surface varies strongly with the direction of polarisation and the angle of incidence; this is not the case for an electric conductor such as a metal (as an illustration of this, sunlight reflected from a horizontal surface such as a reflective road surface or water is attenuated by polarized sunglasses relative to direct light; this is not the case if the light is reflected from a metallic surface). As many 3-D technologies in use today depend upon maintaining the polarisation of the images to be presented to each eye, the reflecting surface needs to be metallic rather than dielectric.

Additionally, the nature of polarized 3-D projection requires the use of interposed filters, and the overall image is consequently less bright than if it were being normally projected. Silver lenticular screens help compensate by reflecting more light back than a "modern" screen would—the same purpose they originally served in the early days of motion pictures.

Other screen types

Each of these screen types continues to enjoy widespread popularity for both home and business applications:

• Aluminized screen

Similar to a silver screen, but using aluminium to coat the surface. Used for 3-D films for the same reason as silver screens.

• Pearlescent screen

Similar to a silver screen, this screen has narrow viewing angles and a higher gain (the measure of reflected light), but it does suffer from color-shifts to red and a tendency to hot spot.

• Glass-beaded screen

This screen type also has a higher gain; however, the nature of its construction results in limited viewing angles and a loss of resolution since glass-beaded screens are retro-reflective, that is, their reflection is directed back toward the light source. The glass-beaded surface can develop noticeable dark spots with age or mishandling as the beads can wear off. It is popular in the amateur market.

• Gray screen

Also known as a high contrast screen, because its purpose is to boost contrast on projectors in viewing rooms that are not entirely dark, as the gray screen absorbs ambient light that strikes it better than a white screen does. Essentially, the screen only reflects the specific shades of red, green, and blue output by a trichromatic video projector, and absorbs the remainder. Therefore, the projected image is reflected normally, but other light is not. In doing so, the black level on the screen is maintained. Mostly used with digital projectors in non-commercial settings.

• Matte white screen

This screen provides the widest viewing angles while producing no glare and no hot spotting. These characteristics have made it the most common variety of screen currently produced and has allowed it to become the entertainment industry's standard.

References

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Establishing the need for family medicine training in intimate partner violence screening.

• Pagels P1, Kindratt TB, Reyna G, Lam K, Silver M, Gimpel NE.
• Journal of community health.J Community Health.2015 Jun;40(3):508-14. doi: 10.1007/s10900-014-9964-1.
• In 2012, the USPSTF updated its guidelines and now recommends that all women of childbearing age be screened for IPV and services provided for women who screen positive. Based on these recommendations, objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate IPV knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physician
• PMID 25352415

• Bioreactor process parameter screening utilizing a plackett-burman design for a model monoclonal antibody.

• Agarabi CD1, Schiel JE2, Lute SC3, Chavez BK3, Boyne MT 2nd4, Brorson KA3, Khan MA1, Read EK3.
• Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.J Pharm Sci.2015 Jun;104(6):1919-28. doi: 10.1002/jps.24420. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
• Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. This endpoint is typically achieved in commercial settings through product and process engineering of bioreactor parameters during development. When the process is complex and not optimized, small changes in composi
• PMID 25762022

• A prospective study validating a clinical scoring system and demonstrating phenotypical-genotypical correlations in Silver-Russell syndrome.

• Azzi S1, Salem J2, Thibaud N3, Chantot-Bastaraud S4, Lieber E5, Netchine I3, Harbison MD6.
• Journal of medical genetics.J Med Genet.2015 May 7. pii: jmedgenet-2014-102979. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102979. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: Multiple clinical scoring systems have been proposed for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). Here we aimed to test a clinical scoring system for SRS and to analyse the correlation between (epi)genotype and phenotype.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients were examined by two physicians. Cl
• PMID 25951829

Japanese Journal

• 鉄道線と銀幕の風景 : ゴジラの足跡を辿る東京1954年

• 猪俣 賢司
• 人文科学研究 132, 19-39, 2013-03
• NAID 40019660759

• 電気化学インピーダンス法による銀配線におけるエレクトロケミカルマイグレーションの成長過程評価 : 温度および電圧依存性の検討

• 四反田 功,井上 和也,山元 克浩 [他],星 芳直,板垣 昌幸
• 表面技術 = The journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 63(11), 694-699, 2012-11-01
• … Effects of temperature and voltage on the growth process of electrochemical migration (ECM) for screen-printed silver wiring electrodes were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The reaction resistances for the anode and cathode decreased along with the decrease of temperature during the initial growth of a silver dendrite on the cathode surface. …
• NAID 10031131016

• Wettability and Reaction between Solder and Silver Busbar during the Tabbing Process for Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

• Lee Beom-Yong,Hoang Thi-Lien,Cho Sung-Bin [他],Huh Joo-Youl,Lee Young-Sik
• Jpn J Appl Phys 51(10), 10NA12-10NA12-4, 2012-10-25
• … In this study, we examined the effects of the surface chemistry and morphology of the screen-printed Ag busbars on the solder wettability and bonding uniformity of the Cu ribbon over the length of the busbar during the tabbing process. …
• NAID 150000105065

Related Links

• Silver screen - definition of silver screen by The Free Dictionary

silver screen n. The medium in which movies are shown: graphic violence on the silver screen; a star of the silver screen. [From a type of movie screen covered with silver-colored metallic paint.] silver screen n 1. (Film) films ...

• Amazon.co.jp: Jackie Evancho : Songs from the Silver Screen ...

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関連記事	「screen」「screening」「silver」

「screen」

　　[★]

• n.

• スクリーン

• v.

• 選別する、スクリーニングする、遮蔽する

関

cull、filter、filtering、insulate、insulation、mask、masking、screening、shield、shielding、sort、sorting

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「screening」

　　[★]

• n.

• スクリーニング、選別、ふるい分け、検診

関

cull、filter、filtering、mass screening、medical check-up、medical examination、screen、sort、sorting

　 　 　 　

「silver」

　　[★]

銀

関

Ag