七重項、七重線

WordNet

a musical composition written for seven performers (同)septette
a set of seven similar things considered as a unit (同)septette
seven performers or singers who perform together (同)septette
seven people considered as a unit (同)septette, sevensome

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7人(7個)一組のグループ / 七重奏(唱)曲

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/06 22:46:12」(JST)

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A septet is a formation containing exactly seven members. It is commonly associated with musical groups, but can be applied to any situation where seven similar or related objects are considered a single unit, such as a seven-line stanza of poetry.

In jazz music a septet is any group of seven players, usually containing a drum set, string bass or electric bass, and groups of one or two of the following instruments, guitar, piano, trumpet, saxophone, clarinet, or trombone.

One of the most famous classical septets is the Septet in E-flat major, Op. 20, by Ludwig van Beethoven, composed around 1799–1800, for clarinet, bassoon, French horn, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. The popularity of Beethoven's septet made its combination of instruments a standard for subsequent composers, including Conradin Kreutzer (Op. 62, 1822), Franz Berwald,and Adolphe Blanc (Op. 40, ca. 1864), and, with small changes in the instrumentation, Franz Lachner (1824), and Max Bruch (1849). When Franz Schubert added a second violin in 1824, he created a standard octet that influenced many other subsequent composers (Kube 2001). The Septet in E-flat major, Op. 65, for trumpet, piano, string quartet, and double bass by Camille Saint-Saëns from 1881 is one of that composer's works. The modern composer Bohuslav Martinů wrote three septets: a group of six dances called Les Rondes for oboe, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, two violins, and piano (1930); a piece called Serenade No. 3 for oboe, clarinet, four violins, and cello (1932); and a Fantasie for theremin, oboe, piano, and string quartet (1944). Darius Milhaud composed a String Septet in 1964 for string sextet and double bass. Paul Hindemith composed a wind septet in 1948 for flute, oboe, clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon, horn, and trumpet.

There are many 20th-century works for seven instruments for which it is uncertain whether the term "septet" should be used, since they may not obviously be chamber music or have titles indicating otherwise. Examples include Maurice Ravel's Introduction and Allegro (1905), Rudi Stephan's Music for Seven String Instruments (1911), Leoš Janáček's Concertino (1925), Arnold Schoenberg's Suite, Op. 29 (1925–26), Isang Yun's Music for Seven Instruments (1959), Aribert Reimann's Reflexionen (1966), and Dieter Schnebel's In motu proprio canon for seven instruments of the same kind (1975) (Kube 2001).

References

Kube, Michael. 2001. "Septet". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

External links

The dictionary definition of septet at Wiktionary

English Journal

Heavy Atom Effect on Magnetic Anisotropy of Matrix-Isolated Monobromine Substituted Septet Trinitrene.

Misochko EY, Masitov AA, Akimov AV, Korchagin DV, Chapyshev SV.
The journal of physical chemistry. A.J Phys Chem A.2014 Oct 28. [Epub ahead of print]
ABSTRACT: The heavy atom effect on magnetic anisotropy of septet trinitrenes is reported. Septet 1-bromo-3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trinitrenobenzene (S-1) was generated in solid argon matrix by ultraviolet irradiation of 1,3,5-triazido-2-bromo-4,6-dichlorobenzene. This trinitrene displays an electron spin
PMID 25350487

The Dynamical Behavior of the s-Trioxane Radical Cation-A Low-Temperature EPR and Theoretical Study.

Naumov SS1, Knolle W2, Naumov SP3, Pöppl A4, Janovský I5.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland).Molecules.2014 Oct 28;19(11):17305-13. doi: 10.3390/molecules191117305.
The radical cation of s-trioxane, radiolytically generated in a freon (CF3CCl3) matrix, was studied in the 10-140 K temperature region. Reversible changes of the EPR spectra were observed, arising from both ring puckering and ring inversion through the molecular plane. The ESREXN program based on th
PMID 25353382

One- and two-color resonant photoionization spectroscopy of chromium-doped helium nanodroplets.

Koch M1, Kautsch A, Lackner F, Ernst WE.
The journal of physical chemistry. A.J Phys Chem A.2014 Sep 18;118(37):8373-9. doi: 10.1021/jp501285r. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
We investigate the photoinduced relaxation dynamics of Cr atoms embedded into superfluid helium nanodroplets. One- and two-color resonant two-photon ionization (1CR2PI and 2CR2PI, respectively) are applied to study the two strong ground state transitions z(7)P(2,3,4)° ← a(7)S3 and y(7)P(2,3,4)°
PMID 24708058

Matrix isolation, zero-field splitting parameters, and photoreactions of septet 2,4,6-trinitrenopyrimidines.

Chapyshev SV1, Ushakov EN, Neuhaus P, Sander W.
The Journal of organic chemistry.J Org Chem.2014 Jul 3;79(13):6047-53. doi: 10.1021/jo500677g. Epub 2014 Jun 24.
The key intermediates of decomposition of high-energy 2,4,6-triazidopyrimidine and its 5-chloro-substituted derivative, the detonation of which is used for preparation of carbon nitrides, were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical
PMID 24905080

Japanese Journal

Analytical energy gradient of the symmetry-adapted-cluster configuration-interaction general-R method for singlet to septet ground and excited states

Ishida M,Toyota K,Ehara M,Frisch MJ,Nakatsuji H
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS 120(6), 2593-2605, 2004-02-08
NAID 120000897063

Karyotype analyses of five wild rose species belonging to septet A by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Akasaka Maiko,Ueda Yoshihiro,Koba Takato
Chromosome science 6(1), 17-26, 2002
… belonging to septet A, were carried out on the basis of condensation patterns of the chromosomes, and rRNA loci were localized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 45S and 5S rDNAs as probes. … multiflora, indicating that chromosome polymorphisms are present among the rose species, even within the same section and/or septet. …
NAID 110003723580

Electron Spin Resonance Measurement of Organic Radicals in Petroleum Source Rock Containing Transition Metal Ions

Uesugi Akihiko,Ikeya Motoji
Japanese journal of applied physics. Pt. 1, Regular papers & short notes 40(4A), 2251-2254, 2001-04-15
… Molecular orbital calculation was performed to explain the septet-quartet ESR spectrum of organic radicals with $\text{g}=2.0023\pm 0.0005$, $A_{1}=0.625\pm 0.003$ mT (septet) and $A_{2}=0.187\pm 0.003$ mT (quartet) in petroleum source rock and in heated carbonate: the presence of tert-butyl radical can be suitable to explain the septet-quartet spectrum. …
NAID 150000038203

Electron Spin Resonance of Organic Radicals Derived from Amino Acids in Calcified Fossils

Kai Ayako,Miki Toshikatsu
Jpn J Appl Phys 28(11), 2277-2282, 1989-11-20
… The electron spin resonance of calcified fossils of coral, mollusk shells and bone has revealed that the quintet spectrum which was assigned to alanine radicals actually consists of 7 equally spaced hyperfine lines with isotropic spin-Hamiltonian parameters of $g{=}2.0039$ and $A{=}2.17$ mT. X-ray irradiation and subsequent heating of CaCO3 doped with L-valine yield the same septet. … The septet detected in the fossils and the L-valine-doped CaCO3 is attributable to (CH3)2Ċ-radicals. …
NAID 150000022843