WordNet

a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface) (同)sealer
make fast as if with cement; "We cemented our friendship"
a building material that is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limestone and clay; used with water and sand or gravel to make concrete and mortar
any of various materials used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth
concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement; "they stood on the grey cement beside the pool"
something that hardens to act as adhesive material
bind or join with or as if with cement
cover or coat with cement

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密封剤(封ろう・接着剤など)
『セメント』;接合剤,接着剤 / 結合,(友情の)きずな / …‘に'セメントを塗る,'を'セメントで固める / 〈友情・関係など〉'を'固める,堅く結び付ける / 結びつく,固まる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/05 08:57:16」(JST)

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Self-leveling silicone firestop system used around pipe through-penetration in a two-hour fire-resistance rated concrete floor assembly.

Sealant is a substance used to block the passage of fluids through the surface or joints or openings in materials, ^[1] a type of mechanical seal. In building construction sealant is sometimes synonymous with caulking and also serve the purposes of blocking dust, sound and heat transmission. Sealants may be weak or strong, flexible or rigid, permanent or temporary. Sealants are not adhesives but some have adhesive qualities and are called adhesive-sealants or structural sealants.

History

Sealants were first used in prehistory in the broadest sense as mud, grass and reeds to seal dwellings from the weather^[2] such as the daub in wattle and daub and thatching. Natural sealants and adhesive-sealants included plant resins such as pine pitch and birch pitch, bitumen, wax, tar, natural gum, clay (mud) mortar, lime mortar, lead, blood and egg. In the 17th century glazing putty was first used to seal window glass made with linseed oil and chalk, later other drying oils were also used to make oil-based putties which were often referred to as caulks. In the 1920's polymers such as acrylic polymers, butyl polymers and silicone polymers were first developed and used in sealants. By the 1960's synthetic-polymer-based sealants were widely available.^[2]

Function

Sealants, despite not having great strength, convey a number of properties. They seal top structures to the substrate, and are particularly effective in waterproofing processes by keeping moisture out (or in) the components in which they are used. They can provide thermal and acoustical insulation, and may serve as fire barriers. They may have electrical properties, as well. Sealants can also be used for simple smoothing or filling. They are often called upon to perform several of these functions at once.

A corking sealant has three basic functions: It fills a gap between two or more substrates; it forms a barrier through the physical properties of the sealant itself and by adhesion to the substrate; and, it maintains sealing properties for the expected lifetime, service conditions, and environments. The sealant performs these functions by way of correct formulation to achieve specific application and performance properties. Other than adhesives, however, there are few functional alternatives to the sealing process. Soldering or welding can perhaps be used as alternatives in certain instances, depending on the substrates and the relative movement that the substrates will see in service. However, the simplicity and reliability offered by organic elastomers usually make them the clear choice for performing these functions.

Types of sealants

A sealant may be viscous material that has little or no flow characteristics and which stay where they are applied; or they can be thin and runny so as to allow it to penetrate the substrate by means of capillary action. Anaerobic acrylic sealants (generally referred to as impregnants) are the most desirable, as they are required to cure in the absence of air, unlike surface sealants that require air as part of the cure mechanism that changes state to become solid, once applied, and is used to prevent the penetration of air, gas, noise, dust, fire, smoke, or liquid from one location through a barrier into another. Typically, sealants are used to close small openings that are difficult to shut with other materials, such as concrete, drywall, etc. Desirable properties of sealants include insolubility, corrosion resistance, and adhesion. Uses of sealants vary widely and sealants are used in many industries, for example, construction, automotive and aerospace industries.

Types of sealants fall between the higher-strength, adhesive-derived sealers and coatings at one end, and extremely low-strength putties, waxes, and caulks at the other. Putties and caulks serve only one function – i.e., to take up space and fill voids. Silicone is an example of a sealant.

Acrylic resins
Acoustic sealants
Adhesive sealants
Butyl rubber
Dental sealants
Elastic sealants
Electronic sealants
Epoxy
Extruded sealants
Fibrin glue
Firestop barrier sealants
Floor sealant
Foam
Hot wax
Impregnating sealants
Latex sealants
Metal sealants
Patio sealants
Paint sealants
Plastic sealants
Polysulfide sealants
Polyurethane sealants
Rubber sealants
Sealcoat
Seam sealants
Silicone sealant
Stone sealer
Surgical sealant
Tile sealant
Urethane sealants
Valve seal
Varnish
WKT

Common areas of use

Automotive industry
Asphalt
Pipe threads
Aerospace industry
Aircraft
Aquariums
Casting
Cement/Concrete
Engines
Gaskets
Glass
HVAC systems
Hydraulic systems
Marine industry
Military grade
Radiators
Reservoirs
Roofs
Tires
Wood

Comparison with adhesives

The main difference between adhesives and sealants is that sealants typically have lower strength and higher elongation than adhesives do. When sealants are used between substrates having different thermal coefficients of expansion or differing elongation under stress, they need to have adequate flexibility and elongation. Sealants generally contain inert filler material and are usually formulated with an elastomer to give the required flexibility and elongation. They usually have a paste consistency to allow filling of gaps between substrates. Low shrinkage after application is often required. Many adhesive technologies can be formulated into sealants.

References

^ "Sealant", Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) Oxford University Press 2009
^ ^a ^b Klososki, J. M. and A. T. Wolf, "The History of Sealants". Handbook of Sealant Technology. Mittal, K. L., and A. Pizzi, eds., Boca Raton: CRC, 2009. 4. Print.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Evaluation of a 3M Petrifilm on-farm culture system for the detection of intramammary infection at the end of lactation.

Cameron M, Keefe GP, Roy JP, Dohoo IR, Macdonald KA, McKenna SL.SourceDepartment of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada. Electronic address: mcameron@upei.ca.
Preventive veterinary medicine.Prev Vet Med.2013 Aug 1;111(1-2):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.03.006. Epub 2013 Apr 15.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a 3M Petrifilm-based on-farm culture system for the detection of intramammary infection (IMI) in low somatic cell count (SCC) cows (<200,000cells/mL) at drying off. The main objectives were to determine the test characteristics and the predictive values o
PMID 23597619

Assessing the use of haemostatic sealants in tubeless percutaneous renal access and their effect on renal drainage and histology: an experimental porcine study.

Rigopoulos C, Kyriazis I, Kallidonis P, Kalogeropoulou C, Koumoundourou D, Georgiopoulos I, Petsas T, Karnabatidis D, Constantinides C, Liatsikos E.SourceDepartment of Urology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.
BJU international.BJU Int.2013 Jul;112(2):E114-21. doi: 10.1111/bju.12060. Epub 2013 Apr 3.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mid-term effects of haemostatic sealant application during tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on renal drainage and histology in an in vivo porcine study.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilateral percutaneous access was established in 28 porcine renal units. At the end of
PMID 23551745

Rapidly in situ forming chitosan/ε-polylysine hydrogels for adhesive sealants and hemostatic materials.

Nie W, Yuan X, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Bao H.SourceSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2013 Jul 1;96(1):342-8. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.008. Epub 2013 Apr 15.
A novel in situ forming polysaccharides/polypeptide hydrogel composed of naturally derived materials for applications as adhesive sealant and hemostatic material was developed via Michael addition crosslinking, taking advantage of its mild condition. Thiol-modified chitosan (CSS) was fast in situ cr
PMID 23688490

The control of phosphate ion release from ion permeable microcapsules formulated in to rosin varnish and resin glaze.

Falbo MM, Elassal P, Greving TA, McHale WA, Latta MA, Gross SM.SourceDepartment of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, United States.
Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.Dent Mater.2013 Jul;29(7):804-13. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.04.017. Epub 2013 May 27.
OBJECTIVES: The occurrence of recurrent caries at the interface of dental materials and the enamel surface is an important performance issue. The objective of this study was to investigate the most effective way to control the release rate of bioavailable phosphate ions contained in aqueous solution
PMID 23721734